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Year 10 Science — The cell and what is inside it

Name the parts of a plant and an animal cell and say what each does, tell a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic one, and use osmosis to explain what happens to a cell in salty water.

Name: ________________________

Before you start

The parts of a cell, each one named.

1234
  1. 1. The round body with a smaller body inside it — the nucleus
  2. 2. The rod with folded lines inside — a mitochondrion
  3. 3. The large clear space — the vacuole
  4. 4. The stack of folded sheets — the endoplasmic reticulum

The outline round the whole thing is the cell membrane. On a plant cell there would be a stiffer layer of cellulose outside it again, and green ovals of chloroplast among the organelles.

  1. 1.Energy released in the mitochondria is stored in a molecule known by three letters. Which three?

  2. 2.Sort each feature by the kind of cell it belongs to.

    Groups: Prokaryotic cell · Eukaryotic cell

    • Genetic material in a bare nucleoid
    • A typical width of 10 to 100 micrometres
    • Membrane-bound nucleus
    • A typical width of 1 to 10 micrometres
    • Membrane-bound organelles

  3. 3.What is a plant cell wall built mainly from?

    • a) Protein
    • b) Cellulose
    • c) Starch
    • d) Lipid

  4. 4.A Rhoeo leaf peel is mounted in a strong sugar solution. Its cells lose water, yet the outline of each cell stays the same shape. What accounts for that?

    • a) Plant cells cannot lose water through their membranes
    • b) The chloroplasts stiffen and hold the cell out
    • c) The vacuole refills from the sugar solution as fast as water leaves
    • d) The rigid cell wall holds the outer shape while the membrane pulls inwards

  5. 5.What is the one-word name for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

  6. 6.A parent cell divides by mitosis. What comes out of it?

    • a) Two daughter cells with half the parent's chromosome number
    • b) Two daughter cells with the parent's chromosome number, genetically identical to it
    • c) Four daughter cells genetically identical to the parent
    • d) Four daughter cells with half the parent's chromosome number

  7. 7.Tap the part of this cell that holds the chromosomes.

    Write the number of the part.

    1234

  8. 8.Put the journey of a protein that is going to be secreted into order, starting from A ribosome on the rough endoplasmic reticulum makes the protein.

    • The Golgi apparatus packs it into a vesicle
    • The Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts it
    • A ribosome on the rough endoplasmic reticulum makes the protein
    • The rough endoplasmic reticulum passes it on
    • The vesicle carries it out to the cell membrane

Answer key — Year 10 Science — The cell and what is inside it

  1. 1. ATP
  2. 2. Genetic material in a bare nucleoid → Prokaryotic cell; A typical width of 1 to 10 micrometres → Prokaryotic cell; Membrane-bound organelles → Eukaryotic cell; Membrane-bound nucleus → Eukaryotic cell; A typical width of 10 to 100 micrometres → Eukaryotic cell
  3. 3. b) Cellulose
  4. 4. d) The rigid cell wall holds the outer shape while the membrane pulls inwards
  5. 5. osmosis
  6. 6. b) Two daughter cells with the parent's chromosome number, genetically identical to it
  7. 7. 1 — The round body with a smaller body inside it
  8. 8. 1. A ribosome on the rough endoplasmic reticulum makes the protein 2. The rough endoplasmic reticulum passes it on 3. The Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts it 4. The Golgi apparatus packs it into a vesicle 5. The vesicle carries it out to the cell membrane