Term pack

Year 11 Science

Name: ________________________

Skills in this pack

Chemical reactions and equations
Acids, bases and salts
Metals, non-metals and the reactivity series
Carbon and its compounds
Life processes
Control and coordination
How organisms reproduce
Heredity
Reflection and refraction of light
The human eye and the colourful world
Electricity
Magnetic effects of electric current

Free at www.arenapublications.com/learn — no account, no ads, ever.

Year 11 Science · 1 of 12

Chemical reactions and equations

Balance a skeletal equation by counting atoms, name the five kinds of reaction the chapter sets out, and say which substance has been oxidised and which reduced.

1.Sort each reaction by the kind of reaction it is.
Groups: Combination · Decomposition · Displacement · Double displacement
- Carbon burning in oxygen to give carbon dioxide
- Calcium oxide and water make slaked lime
- Sodium sulphate solution mixed with barium chloride solution
- An iron nail left in copper sulphate solution
- Ferrous sulphate crystals heated in a boiling tube
- Limestone heated in a kiln
2.Zinc granules are dropped into dilute sulphuric acid. Bubbles rise round them and the tube grows warm. Which two of the chapter's signs of a reaction is that?
- a) The colour changes, and a gas is given off
- b) The state changes, and the colour changes
- c) The temperature changes, and the colour changes
- d) A gas is given off, and the temperature changes
3.Butter kept too long smells and tastes different, because the fat in it has been oxidised. What is this change called? Answer with one word.
4.An equation is drawn out below. Tap the side the products are written on.
Write the number of the part.
5.Sodium reacts with water: __ Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂. Which coefficient belongs in the gap?
- a) 3
- b) 1
- c) 4
- d) 2
6.Bags of crisps are flushed with nitrogen before they are sealed. What is that for?
- a) It stops the bag from being crushed
- b) It cools the crisps down
- c) It keeps the fat in them from being oxidised
- d) It keeps the crisps dry
7.Limestone is heated strongly in a kiln and gives quick lime and carbon dioxide. What kind of reaction is that?
- a) A displacement reaction
- b) A precipitation reaction
- c) Thermal decomposition
- d) A combination reaction
8.Iron nails are left in blue copper sulphate solution for twenty minutes. What do you see when they come out?
- a) The nails have dissolved and the solution is green
- b) The nails are unchanged and the blue is deeper
- c) The nails have turned black and the solution is clear
- d) The nails have turned brownish and the blue has faded

Chemical reactions and equations · Year 11 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 11 Science · 2 of 12

Acids, bases and salts

Predict what an acid gives with a metal, a carbonate and a base, read a solution's nature off the pH scale, and name the salts that common salt is turned into.

1.Match each natural source to the acid the chapter names in it.
- Vinegar
- Lemon
- Tamarind
- Tomato
- Curd
- An ant sting
- Oxalic acid
- Acetic acid
- Methanoic acid
- Citric acid
- Tartaric acid
- Lactic acid
2.The pH scale is drawn out below. Where does a neutral solution sit?
Mark the line with an X.
3.Blue copper sulphate crystals are heated until they turn white, and droplets of water collect in the tube. How many water molecules does one formula unit of the hydrated salt hold? Answer with a number.
4.A gas is bubbled through lime water and the lime water turns milky. Which gas is it?
- a) Hydrogen
- b) Carbon dioxide
- c) Oxygen
- d) Water vapour
5.Sort each of these by whether the chapter treats it as acidic or as basic.
Groups: Acidic · Basic
- Gastric juice in the stomach
- The sting left by a bee
- Toothpaste
- The stinging hair of a nettle leaf
- Milk of magnesia
- A solution of baking soda
6.Concentrated sulphuric acid has to be mixed with water. Why is the acid poured into the water rather than the water into the acid?
- a) The acid would stop working if water were poured onto it
- b) Water poured onto acid makes a poisonous gas
- c) The acid would freeze the water
- d) Mixing gives out a lot of heat, and water poured onto acid can splash the mixture out
7.Common salt is turned into bleaching powder in stages. Put them in order, beginning with "Brine, common salt dissolved in water".
- Chlorine given off at the anode
- Chlorine acting on dry slaked lime
- Brine, common salt dissolved in water
- An electric current passed through the brine
- Bleaching powder
8.A strip of pH paper scale is drawn below, running from 0 at the left to 14 at the right. Tap the stretch a basic solution would read in.
Write the number of the part.

Acids, bases and salts · Year 11 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 11 Science · 3 of 12

Metals, non-metals and the reactivity series

Rank metals by the activity series, work out the ion a metal or non-metal forms from its electron shells, and say how each band of the series is won from its ore and kept from corroding.

1.Sort each metal by how the chapter says it is won from the earth.
Groups: Found in the native state · Reduction using carbon · Electrolysis of the molten compound
- Zinc
- Silver
- Sodium
- Gold
- Iron
- Aluminium
2.Match each description to the term the chapter gives it.
- A mineral rich enough to extract the metal from at a profit
- The soil and sand that come up with the ore
- Heating a sulphide ore strongly in plenty of air
- Heating a carbonate ore strongly in limited air
- The insoluble leavings that settle under the anode
- Ore
- Gangue
- Anode mud
- Roasting
- Calcination
3.Aluminium oxide reacts with acids and with bases alike, giving a salt and water either way. What one word describes an oxide that does this?
4.Put these metals in the activity series' own order, from the most reactive down, starting with "Potassium".
- Calcium
- Copper
- Potassium
- Magnesium
- Gold
- Iron
- Zinc
5.A metal does not react with cold water or hot water, but does react with steam to give an oxide and hydrogen. Which of these behaves that way?
- a) Gold
- b) Iron
- c) Calcium
- d) Potassium
6.Iron oxide is lit with aluminium powder and iron runs out molten. What is this reaction used for?
- a) Refining copper
- b) Joining railway tracks and cracked machine parts
- c) Galvanising sheets of steel
- d) Turning a sulphide ore into an oxide
7.Sort each of these elements as the chapter classifies it.
Groups: Metal · Non-metal
- Bromine
- Mercury
- Sodium
- Iodine
- Graphite
- Sulphur
8.A cell for refining copper is drawn below, with the two plates hanging in the solution and the battery marked. Tap the plate the pure copper builds up on.
Write the number of the part.

Metals, non-metals and the reactivity series · Year 11 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 11 Science · 4 of 12

Carbon and its compounds

Explain why carbon shares electrons rather than trading them, tell a saturated compound from an unsaturated one, work along a homologous series, and name what soap does to oily dirt.

1.A gas stove burns with a yellow flame and blackens the bottom of the pan. What has gone wrong?
- a) The air holes are blocked, so the fuel is burning incompletely
- b) The gas is being fed in too slowly
- c) The pan is too close to the flame
- d) The fuel is unsaturated and cannot burn cleanly
2.How many different carbon skeletons can be drawn for the formula C₄H₁₀?
- a) Four
- b) Two
- c) One
- d) Three
3.One soap molecule is drawn at the surface of the water below: a small ring on the end of a long zig-zag chain, with the water line marked. Tap the end that sits in the water.
Write the number of the part.
4.Put the saturated chains in order of how many carbon atoms they hold, fewest first, beginning with "Methane".
- Pentane
- Propane
- Butane
- Ethane
- Hexane
- Methane
5.Why does carbon share electrons instead of gaining or losing four of them?
- a) Carbon already has a full outermost shell
- b) Six protons could neither hold ten electrons nor be stripped of four without great cost
- c) Carbon has no electrons in its outermost shell to give away
- d) Carbon atoms are too large to hold a charge
6.Methane and chlorine are left together in sunlight, and one hydrogen of the methane is replaced by a chlorine atom. What kind of reaction is this?
- a) An addition reaction
- b) An oxidation reaction
- c) An esterification reaction
- d) A substitution reaction
7.Match each ending used in a compound's name to the class of compound it marks.
- Suffix -ol
- Suffix -al
- Suffix -one
- Suffix -oic acid
- Suffix -yne
- Carboxylic acid
- Alkyne
- Ketone
- Alcohol
- Aldehyde
8.Ethanoic acid is warmed with ethanol and a little concentrated sulphuric acid, and the mixture ends up smelling sweet. What is the sweet-smelling product called? Answer with one word.

Carbon and its compounds · Year 11 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 11 Science · 5 of 12

Life processes

Trace food through the human gut and blood round the double circulation, say where each digestive juice acts, and explain how a plant moves water up and sugar down.

1.Blood goes round and round, so pick a place to begin: starting from "The right atrium", put the stages of one full circuit in order.
- The left ventricle
- The right atrium
- The lungs
- The right ventricle
- The rest of the body
- The left atrium
2.Sugar made in the leaves is moved to the roots, fruits and growing buds through the phloem. What is this transport called? Answer with one word.
3.A stoma on the underside of a leaf is drawn below: two curved guard cells with a gap between them. Tap the pore that gases pass through.
Write the number of the part.
4.What are the villi of the small intestine for?
- a) They increase the surface available for absorbing digested food
- b) They push the food along by contracting
- c) They grind the food into smaller pieces
- d) They secrete hydrochloric acid
5.Match each stage in the break-down of glucose to what it produces.
- The first step, taken in the cytoplasm
- Fermentation in yeast
- Break-down of pyruvate in the mitochondria
- A muscle cell short of oxygen
- Ethanol and carbon dioxide
- Pyruvate
- Carbon dioxide and water
- Lactic acid
6.A fish opens and closes its mouth far more often in a minute than you breathe. Why?
- a) A fish has smaller lungs than a human being
- b) Water is heavier than air and moves more slowly
- c) A fish needs more oxygen than a human being does
- d) There is much less oxygen dissolved in water than there is in air
7.Put the parts of the alimentary canal in the order food passes through them, starting with "Mouth".
- Stomach
- Large intestine
- Small intestine
- Oesophagus
- Anus
- Mouth
8.Each kidney holds a great many filtration units, each one a cluster of thin-walled capillaries with a cup-shaped capsule collecting the filtrate. What is such a unit called? Answer with one word.

Life processes · Year 11 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 11 Science · 6 of 12

Control and coordination

Follow an impulse along a neuron and round a reflex arc, name what each region of the brain looks after, and tell a plant's tropic growth from an animal's hormone response.

1.What happens at the synapse between two neurons?
- a) Chemicals released by the first cross the gap and start an impulse in the second
- b) The two cells fuse so the impulse passes through
- c) The electrical impulse jumps the gap unchanged
- d) The impulse stops, and the second neuron starts a fresh one on its own
2.Adrenaline is released when an animal is frightened. Which set of changes follows?
- a) The heart slows, blood goes to the digestive system, and breathing quietens
- b) The heart beats faster and blood is diverted to the skin and gut
- c) Breathing quickens and the skeletal muscles are cut off from blood
- d) The heart beats faster, blood is diverted to the skeletal muscles, and breathing quickens
3.Blood sugar rises after a meal, insulin is secreted, the sugar falls, and the secretion drops off again. What is this an example of?
- a) A tropic response
- b) A feedback mechanism regulating a hormone
- c) A reflex arc
- d) A voluntary action
4.Put the stages of an impulse travelling along one neuron in order, starting with "The dendritic tip picks the information up".
- Chemicals released at the end cross the synapse
- The dendritic tip picks the information up
- The impulse travels to the cell body
- A chemical reaction there creates an electrical impulse
- The impulse runs along the axon to its end
5.A pea plant's tendril meets a stick and curls round it. What makes it curl?
- a) The stick releases a hormone that pulls the tendril round
- b) The side touching the stick grows less rapidly than the side away from it
- c) The tendril's muscles contract on the side touching the stick
- d) The tendril loses water on the side away from the stick
6.Why is iodised salt worth using?
- a) Iodine replaces the salt lost in sweat
- b) The thyroid gland needs iodine to make thyroxin
- c) Iodine is the hormone that regulates blood sugar
- d) The pituitary needs iodine to make growth hormone
7.A shoot bends towards a window. Where has the auxin gone, and what has it done?
- a) To the shady side, where it has made the cells grow longer
- b) To the lit side, where it has made the cells grow longer
- c) To the root, where it has made the root bend too
- d) To the shady side, where it has stopped the cells growing
8.How does the movement of a touch-me-not leaf differ from a shoot bending towards light?
- a) The leaf moves by cells gaining or losing water, with no growth involved
- b) Both are growth movements, but the leaf's is faster
- c) The leaf moves because it has muscle tissue and the shoot does not
- d) The leaf moves by growing on one side, and the shoot by losing water

Control and coordination · Year 11 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 11 Science · 7 of 12

How organisms reproduce

Tell the asexual modes apart by the organism that uses each, follow pollen from stigma to seed and an egg from ovary to implantation, and say why variation is worth the cost of two parents.

1.A population of bacteria lives in temperate water, and the water warms. Most die; a few carrying a heat-resistant variation live and multiply. What does this show?
- a) Warm water causes bacteria to develop resistance
- b) Variation protects each individual from any change
- c) Variation gives a species a chance of surviving a change in its niche
- d) Asexual reproduction produces identical offspring
2.Banana, orange, rose and jasmine are raised by vegetative propagation. What makes it the method of choice for them?
- a) Their flowers cannot be pollinated by insects
- b) Their seeds produce plants that flower too early
- c) Their seeds take too long to germinate
- d) They have lost the capacity to produce seeds
3.What does the placenta's structure — villi on the embryo's side, blood spaces on the mother's — give the embryo?
- a) A barrier that keeps the mother's blood entirely separate
- b) A large surface for glucose and oxygen to pass across, and for wastes to pass back
- c) A store of food the embryo draws on directly
- d) A muscular wall that pushes nutrients through
4.Why do the testes lie in the scrotum, outside the abdominal cavity?
- a) There is no room for them inside the abdomen
- b) Sperm formation needs a temperature lower than the rest of the body's
- c) It keeps them away from the urinary bladder
- d) It shortens the path the sperms have to travel
5.Why do germ-cells carry half the chromosomes an ordinary body cell carries?
- a) So that they are small enough to travel
- b) So that each parent's variations stay separate in the offspring
- c) So that they can divide more quickly than body cells
- d) So that two of them joining restore the usual number rather than doubling it
6.A pistil is drawn below, cut down the middle, with a stamen beside it. Tap the part the pollen has to land on.
Write the number of the part.
7.Sort each organism by the way the chapter says it reproduces.
Groups: Binary fission · Multiple fission · Budding · Fragmentation
- Hydra
- Yeast
- Spirogyra
- Amoeba
- Leishmania
- Plasmodium
8.Why does bread mould make spores with thick walls round them?
- a) The wall holds the food store the new individual grows on
- b) The wall makes the spore heavy enough to fall to the ground
- c) The wall stops the spore from dividing too early
- d) The wall protects the spore until it meets a moist surface and can grow

How organisms reproduce · Year 11 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 11 Science · 8 of 12

Heredity

Work out the ratios of a Mendelian cross, tell a dominant trait from a recessive one, and explain how chromosomes let two traits be inherited independently and how they settle a child's sex.

1.Put the stages of Mendel's one-character experiment in order, starting with "Cross a tall pea plant with a short one".
- Cross a tall pea plant with a short one
- Let those first-generation plants self-pollinate
- The whole of the first generation comes out tall
- One quarter of the second generation comes out short
2.Four second-generation pea plants are drawn to scale below. Tap the one that must have inherited two copies of the recessive factor.
Write the number of the part.
3.Which parent's contribution decides whether a human child is a boy or a girl?
- a) The father's, because the mother contributes an X either way
- b) The mother's, because she carries two X chromosomes
- c) Both equally, since each contributes one sex chromosome
- d) Neither — the temperature of development decides it
4.Mendel counted 315 round yellow, 108 round green, 101 wrinkled yellow and 32 wrinkled green seeds. Which proportion is that closest to?
- a) 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
- b) 9 : 6 : 1
- c) 3 : 1 : 1 : 1
- d) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
5.In some reptiles, what decides whether the animals developing in the eggs will be male or female?
- a) The size of the egg
- b) The temperature at which the fertilised eggs are kept
- c) The sex chromosomes inherited from the father
- d) The order in which the eggs were laid
6.Sort each of Mendel's pea traits as the chapter classifies it.
Groups: Dominant · Recessive
- Tall plants
- Wrinkled seeds
- Short plants
- Round seeds
7.Match each description to the term for it.
- A section of DNA holding the information for one protein
- One of the separate pieces a gene set is divided into
- A chromosome
- A gene
8.Crossing a tall pea with a short one gave no plants of medium height. What did that tell Mendel?
- a) Height is not an inherited trait in peas
- b) The short parent had contributed nothing to the offspring
- c) One parental trait was showing, rather than a mixture of the two
- d) The two plants belonged to different species

Heredity · Year 11 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 11 Science · 9 of 12

Reflection and refraction of light

Apply the New Cartesian Sign Convention to the mirror and lens formulae, work out magnification and the power of a lens, and read a refractive index for what it says about the speed of light.

1.What is the SI unit of the power of a lens? Answer with one word.
2.Match each medium to its refractive index as the chapter's table gives it.
- Water
- Kerosene
- Crown glass
- Diamond
- 1.44
- 1.52
- 2.42
- 1.33
3.For that same lens the image distance is v = +30 and the object distance is u = -15. Magnification for a lens is m = v/u. What is m? Answer with a number, sign included.
4.A concave mirror is drawn below with its principal axis. The dot at the far left is the centre of curvature and the dot at the mirror is the pole. Tap the principal focus.
Write the number of the part.
5.The refractive index of water is 1.33. What does that number say?
- a) Water is 1.33 times as dense as air
- b) A ray bends through 1.33 degrees on entering water
- c) Light travels 1.33 times as fast in air as it does in water
- d) Light travels 1.33 times as fast in water as it does in air
6.An optician puts two lenses in contact in a testing frame, one of power +2.0 D and one of +0.25 D. What is the power of the combination?
- a) +2.0 D
- b) +1.125 D
- c) +2.25 D
- d) +0.5 D
7.Sort each arrangement by the kind of image it gives.
Groups: Real and inverted · Virtual and erect
- Object anywhere in front of a convex mirror
- Object beyond the centre of curvature of a concave mirror
- Object between the pole and the focus of a concave mirror
- Object between the centre of curvature and the focus of a concave mirror
- Object at the centre of curvature of a concave mirror
8.Under the New Cartesian Sign Convention, why does the object distance come out negative?
- a) The object is closer to the mirror than the image is
- b) The object is below the principal axis
- c) The object is placed to the left of the mirror, and distances to the left of the pole count negative
- d) Object distances are measured from the centre of curvature

Reflection and refraction of light · Year 11 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 11 Science · 10 of 12

The human eye and the colourful world

Name the parts of the eye and what each does, tell myopia from hypermetropia and pick the lens that corrects each, and explain dispersion, twinkling and the blue of the sky by refraction and scattering.

1.Why does the sky look dark to a passenger flying very high up?
- a) The Sun is closer and outshines the sky
- b) The air is colder and refracts less
- c) The window glass absorbs the blue light
- d) There is too little scattering at that height
2.Newton passed his spectrum through a second identical prism placed upside down, and got white light out again. What did that show him?
- a) Sunlight is made up of the seven colours the first prism separated
- b) The second prism destroyed the colours
- c) The first prism had added colours to the light
- d) A prism can bend light but not split it
3.Someone needs both distant and near vision corrected and is given bi-focal lenses. What is in the upper portion?
- a) A concave lens, for near vision
- b) A convex lens, for near vision
- c) A convex lens, for distant vision
- d) A concave lens, for distant vision
4.Match each part of the eye to what it does.
- The cornea
- The iris
- The pupil
- The retina
- The ciliary muscles
- The optic nerve
- Controls the size of the pupil
- Carries the signals to the brain
- Regulates how much light gets in
- The light-sensitive screen the image falls on
- Change the curvature of the lens
- Where most of the refraction happens
5.For a young adult with normal vision, what are the near point and the far point?
- a) About 25 cm, and infinity
- b) About 25 cm, and a few metres
- c) Zero, and infinity
- d) About 2 m, and infinity
6.Why is a clear sky blue?
- a) Fine particles and air molecules scatter short blue wavelengths more strongly than long red ones
- b) The sea reflects its colour up into the sky
- c) Blue light travels faster through air than red light does
- d) The atmosphere is made of a blue gas
7.Atmospheric refraction makes the Sun visible about 2 minutes before it actually rises, and keeps it visible about 2 minutes after it actually sets. How many extra minutes of sunlight is that in a day? Answer with a number.
8.A prism throws a spectrum onto a screen. Put the colours in the order the chapter gives them, starting with "Violet".
- Yellow
- Orange
- Indigo
- Green
- Blue
- Violet
- Red

The human eye and the colourful world · Year 11 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 11 Science · 11 of 12

Electricity

Use Ohm's law and the series and parallel rules to find a resistance or a current, work out electric power and energy, and say why a heater's element is an alloy and a fuse is a weak link.

1.A 6 Ω resistor and a 3 Ω resistor are joined in parallel. What is the equivalent resistance, in ohms? Answer with a number.
2.Sort each statement by the kind of circuit it describes.
Groups: Series · Parallel
- The currents through the branches add up to the total current
- The potential differences across the resistors add up to the supply voltage
- The potential difference is the same across each resistor
- The current is the same through each resistor
- When one component fails, nothing in the circuit works
- Each gadget can draw the current it needs
3.What does a fuse do, and where is it placed?
- a) Its wire melts under an unduly high current, breaking a circuit it sits in parallel with
- b) Its wire melts under an unduly high current, breaking a circuit it sits in series with
- c) It stores charge until the current returns to normal
- d) It lowers the resistance of the circuit so less current flows
4.Sort each material by what the chapter says it is used for.
Groups: Filaments of electric bulbs · Electrical transmission lines · Heating devices such as an electric iron
- Aluminium
- An alloy such as constantan
- Copper
- Tungsten
5.A 2000 W heater is run for 3 hours. How much electrical energy does it use, in kilowatt hours? Answer with a number.
6.Resistors of 5 Ω, 8 Ω and 12 Ω are joined in series. What is the equivalent resistance, in ohms? Answer with a number.
7.Why can an electric bulb and an electric heater not sensibly be wired in series?
- a) The heater would short out the bulb
- b) The bulb would take the whole of the current and leave none for the heater
- c) A series circuit cannot carry enough voltage for two devices
- d) The current is the same throughout a series circuit, and the two need very different currents
8.A lamp of resistance 100 Ω is connected across a 220 V supply. What current does it draw, in amperes? Answer with a number.

Electricity · Year 11 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 11 Science · 12 of 12

Magnetic effects of electric current

Read a field-line diagram for direction and strength, pick the right-hand thumb rule or Fleming's left-hand rule for the job, and explain what the earth wire and the fuse are doing in a house circuit.

1.Field lines round a bar magnet are drawn below. Tap the part of the picture where the field is strongest.
Write the number of the part.
2.Outside a bar magnet, which way do the field lines run?
- a) Out of the south pole and into the north pole
- b) From the middle of the magnet outwards at both ends
- c) Into both poles from the surrounding space
- d) Out of the north pole and into the south pole
3.In Fleming's left-hand rule, what does the first finger point along?
- a) The force on the conductor
- b) The motion of the electrons
- c) The magnetic field
- d) The current
4.Why is the metallic body of a refrigerator connected to the earth wire?
- a) It gives leaking current a low-resistance path, so the body stays at the earth's potential
- b) It raises the potential of the body above the earth's
- c) It stops the refrigerator from drawing too much current
- d) It joins the body to the neutral wire
5.What is short-circuiting?
- a) A drop in the supply voltage
- b) Too many appliances plugged into one socket
- c) The earth wire breaking away from its plate
- d) The live wire and the neutral wire coming into direct contact
6.What do the parallel straight field lines inside a current-carrying solenoid tell you?
- a) The solenoid has no poles
- b) There is no field inside the solenoid
- c) The field inside is stronger at the ends than in the middle
- d) The field is the same at points inside it — it is uniform
7.A piece of soft iron is put inside a solenoid and the current is switched on. What has been made?
- a) An electromagnet
- b) A fuse
- c) A rheostat
- d) An electric generator
8.A single circular turn of wire makes a field of a certain strength at the centre of the loop. A coil of 12 such turns carries the same current. How many times that strength is the field at the centre now? Answer with a number.

Magnetic effects of electric current · Year 11 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Answer keys — Year 11 Science

In the same order as the worksheets.