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Term pack

Year 7 Science

Name: ________________________

Skills in this pack

  • Living and non-living
  • The components of food
  • Vitamins and minerals
  • Materials around us
  • Methods of separation
  • Temperature and its measurement
  • States of water and the water cycle
  • Measuring length
  • Motion and reference points
  • Exploring magnets

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Year 7 Science · 1 of 10

Living and non-living

Use the features of living beings to sort living from non-living, and follow a life cycle round from one stage to the next.

Before you start

Which way each part of this germinating seed grows.

123
  1. 1. Shoot
  2. 2. Seed
  3. 3. Root

The shoot grows upwards into the air and the root downwards into the soil. Turn the seed upside down before planting it and the root still finds its way down.

  1. 1.The touch-me-not folds its leaves when you brush against them. What does that show?

    • a) Plants respond to stimuli, as animals do
    • b) The leaves have died at that moment
    • c) The plant is trying to move somewhere else
    • d) The plant is excreting

  2. 2.A mosquito's life cycle joins up, so start it from the egg and put the four stages in order from there.

    • Adult
    • Pupa
    • Egg
    • Larva

  3. 3.A tadpole has a tail and lives in water. What is true of the adult frog it becomes?

    • a) It goes back to being a tadpole each year
    • b) It lives on land and cannot enter water
    • c) It lives both in water and on land
    • d) It keeps the tail and stays in water

  4. 4.A frog's life cycle joins up too. Start from the eggs and put the four stages in order from there.

    • Eggs
    • Froglet
    • Tadpole
    • Adult frog

  5. 5.Anything that prompts a living being to respond has a one-word name. What is it?

  6. 6.Sort each of these into living and non-living.

    Groups: Living · Non-living

    • Car
    • Pigeon
    • Plant
    • Pencil
    • Book

  7. 7.Match each word to what it means.

    • Stimulus
    • Excretion
    • Reproduction
    • getting rid of the body's waste
    • what keeps a kind of living being going
    • anything that prompts a living being to respond

  8. 8.An animal's life cycle runs from a newborn, through growth and development, to an adult. What does the chapter give as its final stage?

    • a) The pupa
    • b) Germination
    • c) Death
    • d) A return to being a newborn

Living and non-living · Year 7 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 7 Science · 2 of 10

The components of food

Name the nutrients in food, sort familiar foods by the nutrient they are rich in, and read the results of the three food tests.

Before you start

Each part of this meal is a source the chapter names for one nutrient.

1234
  1. 1. Rice — carbohydrate
  2. 2. Pulses — protein
  3. 3. Ghee — fat
  4. 4. Lemon — vitamin C

One plate can carry several nutrient groups at once, which is what a balanced diet is built out of.

  1. 1.A diet that supplies the essential nutrients, roughage and water in the right amounts for proper growth is called a ___ diet. Which word fills the gap?

  2. 2.Put the chapter's starch test back into the order you would carry it out.

    • Take a small quantity of the food item
    • Put 2 or 3 drops of diluted iodine solution on it
    • Place it on a separate dish
    • Watch the colour of the food item

  3. 3.Match each nutrient to the sign that shows it is present in a food.

    • Starch
    • Fat
    • Protein
    • oily patch on paper
    • blue-black colour with iodine
    • violet colour in the test tube

  4. 4.A thali is served with rice, pulses, ghee and butter on it. Which of them does the chapter name as a source of protein?

    • a) Rice
    • b) Pulses
    • c) Butter
    • d) Ghee

  5. 5.The chapter splits the sources of protein into two lists. Sort each one.

    Groups: Plant source of protein · Animal source of protein

    • Paneer
    • Peas
    • Milk
    • Beans

  6. 6.Protein-rich foods go into growth and repair. What does the chapter call them because of that?

    • a) Roughage
    • b) Body-building foods
    • c) Protective nutrients
    • d) Energy-giving foods

  7. 7.Which pair of nutrients does the chapter group together as the energy-giving foods?

    • a) Proteins and vitamins
    • b) Fibre and water
    • c) Carbohydrates and fats
    • d) Vitamins and minerals

  8. 8.Food components that give energy, support growth, repair the body and guard it against disease have one name between them. What is that name?

The components of food · Year 7 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 7 Science · 3 of 10

Vitamins and minerals

Tell vitamins from minerals, match each to the deficiency disease its long shortage causes, and say what the protective nutrients do.

Before you start

What each nutrient does for the body, and what goes wrong without it.

12345
  1. 1. Vitamin A → loss of vision
  2. 2. Vitamin C → scurvy
  3. 3. Calcium → bone and tooth decay
  4. 4. Iron → anaemia
  5. 5. Iodine → goitre

Each row pairs a protective nutrient with what a long shortage of it brings on. The disease is the clue that points back to the missing nutrient.

  1. 1.A cook boils vegetables hard and for a long time. Which nutrient does the chapter say is lost that way?

    • a) Iron
    • b) Calcium
    • c) Vitamin C
    • d) Iodine

  2. 2.Sort each of these into vitamins and minerals.

    Groups: Vitamin · Mineral

    • Iodine
    • Vitamin C
    • Iron
    • Calcium
    • Vitamin A
    • Vitamin D

  3. 3.Which two foods does the chapter list as sources of vitamin C?

    • a) Butter and ghee
    • b) Carrot and milk
    • c) Orange and lemon
    • d) Rice and wheat

  4. 4.Match each nutrient to the disease its long shortage brings on.

    • Vitamin A
    • Vitamin B1
    • Vitamin C
    • Vitamin D
    • Iodine
    • Iron
    • scurvy
    • goitre
    • beriberi
    • anaemia
    • loss of vision
    • rickets

  5. 5.Extra nutrients are added to a food while it is being processed. What is that called?

    • a) Germination
    • b) Evaporation
    • c) Filtration
    • d) Fortification

  6. 6.Which two foods does the chapter list as sources of vitamin A?

    • a) Sugar and honey
    • b) Orange and lemon
    • c) Pulses and eggs
    • d) Carrot and milk

  7. 7.In parts of India, swelling at the front of the neck was widespread until a change was made to common salt. What was the missing nutrient?

    • a) Iron
    • b) Vitamin D
    • c) Iodine
    • d) Calcium

  8. 8.Why are millets also called nutri-cereals?

    • a) They can be eaten without being cooked
    • b) They carry no carbohydrates
    • c) They are the cheapest cereals to grow
    • d) They supply vitamins, minerals such as iron and calcium, and dietary fibre

Vitamins and minerals · Year 7 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 7 Science · 4 of 10

Materials around us

Group materials by whether you can see through them, whether they dissolve in water, and whether they shine — and say what makes something matter.

Before you start

How much of the shape behind each pane gets through.

123
  1. 1. Window glass
  2. 2. Butter paper
  3. 3. Cardboard

The same shape sits behind each of the three panes: sharp through the transparent one, blurred through the translucent one, and hidden by the opaque one. Translucent is its own group, not a weak kind of transparent.

  1. 1.A freshly cut piece of iron shines, but an older piece looks dull. What does the chapter give as the reason?

    • a) Iron is non-lustrous once it has been cut
    • b) The older piece has stopped being a metal
    • c) The older piece was not iron to begin with
    • d) Air and moisture have acted on the older surface

  2. 2.Match each word to what it describes.

    • Transparent
    • Translucent
    • Opaque
    • you cannot see through it
    • you can see through it, but not clearly
    • you can see through it clearly

  3. 3.Any substance used to make an object is called a ___. Which word fills the gap?

  4. 4.A plastic spoon has been coated so that it gleams like silver. Is it a metal?

    • a) Yes, because lustrous materials are metals
    • b) Yes, because plastic becomes metal when it is coated
    • c) Not necessarily — a surface can be made shiny by polishing or coating
    • d) No material other than a metal can ever shine

  5. 5.Sort each material by how much you can see through it.

    Groups: Transparent · Translucent · Opaque

    • Air
    • Window glass
    • Wood
    • Butter paper
    • Cardboard
    • Frosted glass

  6. 6.Each of these is stirred into a tumbler of water. Sort them by what happens.

    Groups: Soluble in water · Insoluble in water

    • Chalk powder
    • Sugar
    • Salt
    • Sand
    • Sawdust

  7. 7.Fish live in water and need oxygen. What does the chapter say makes that possible?

    • a) Oxygen gas dissolves in water
    • b) Plants hand oxygen straight to the fish
    • c) Water is made of oxygen, so fish drink it
    • d) Fish come to the surface to breathe air

  8. 8.Tap the pane you could read a word through clearly.

    Write the number of the part.

    123

Materials around us · Year 7 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 7 Science · 5 of 10

Methods of separation

Name the everyday methods for pulling a mixture apart, and pick the right one for a given mixture.

Before you start

The stages of clearing a pan of tea, and where the leaves end up at each one.

123
  1. 1. Sedimentation — the leaves settle at the bottom
  2. 2. Decantation — the tea is poured off the settled leaves
  3. 3. Filtration — the strainer catches the leaves still floating

Three stages, and each one leaves the tea a little cleaner. Decantation on its own still lets a few leaves through, which is why the strainer comes last.

  1. 1.In churning, where does the butter end up?

    • a) Settled at the bottom, because it is heavier
    • b) Dissolved into the buttermilk
    • c) Floating at the top, because it is lighter
    • d) Spread evenly through the whole mixture

  2. 2.Pieces are picked out of a mixture by hand because they differ in size, colour or shape. What is that method called?

  3. 3.Sort each method by what it pulls apart.

    Groups: A solid from another solid · A solid from a liquid

    • Sieving
    • Evaporation
    • Winnowing
    • Sedimentation
    • Handpicking
    • Magnetic separation
    • Filtration

  4. 4.Iron filings are mixed into a heap of sand. Which method gets the filings out?

    • a) Decantation
    • b) Magnetic separation
    • c) Evaporation
    • d) Winnowing

  5. 5.Salt has been dissolved in water. Which method gets the salt back?

    • a) Handpicking
    • b) Winnowing
    • c) Evaporation
    • d) Filtration

  6. 6.Sand has been stirred into water but has not dissolved. Which method separates it out?

    • a) Evaporation
    • b) Churning
    • c) Threshing
    • d) Filtration

  7. 7.Match each method of separation to what is done in it.

    • Winnowing
    • Sieving
    • Decantation
    • Magnetic separation
    • Threshing
    • passing a mixture through a sieve to separate by particle size
    • using a magnet to draw the magnetic pieces out
    • beating stalks to free the grains
    • blowing air to carry the lighter husk away
    • tilting the vessel to pour the liquid off the settled solid

  8. 8.A farmer drops a mixture of grain and husk from a height on a windy day. Which method is being used?

    • a) Sieving
    • b) Filtration
    • c) Winnowing
    • d) Sedimentation

Methods of separation · Year 7 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 7 Science · 6 of 10

Temperature and its measurement

Say why touch cannot judge hotness, read a thermometer correctly, and convert a Celsius temperature to the Kelvin scale.

Before you start

Slide along this laboratory thermometer's scale. Its range runs from one end to the other, and each small step is ten degrees.

-101030507090110

A clinical thermometer covers nothing like this stretch, which is why it cannot be used on boiling water or on ice.

  1. 1.Between which two temperatures does human body temperature normally stay?

    • a) 20 °C and 30 °C
    • b) -10 °C and 110 °C
    • c) 0 °C and 100 °C
    • d) 35 °C and 42 °C

  2. 2.Why are mercury clinical thermometers being replaced by digital ones?

    • a) Mercury thermometers give readings that are too precise
    • b) Mercury is extremely toxic and hard to deal with if the thermometer breaks
    • c) Mercury cannot measure body temperature
    • d) Digital thermometers do not need to touch the body

  3. 3.What is the name of the device that measures temperature?

  4. 4.Can a clinical thermometer be used to measure the temperature of boiling water?

    • a) Yes, if it is held in for long enough
    • b) No, because boiling water has no temperature
    • c) Yes, but the reading has to be doubled
    • d) No — boiling water lies outside its range

  5. 5.Match each thermometer to what it is for.

    • Clinical thermometer
    • Laboratory thermometer
    • measuring human body temperature
    • measuring temperatures other than the body's

  6. 6.Why must a laboratory thermometer be read while its bulb is still in the water?

    • a) The scale becomes unreadable out of water
    • b) The liquid column starts to fall the moment it is taken out
    • c) The reading takes an hour to settle
    • d) The glass cracks if it is lifted out too quickly

  7. 7.Put the steps for measuring the temperature of warm water with a laboratory thermometer back into order.

    • Dip the thermometer so the bulb is immersed, clear of the bottom and sides
    • Read it with your eye level with the top of the column, while it is still immersed
    • Hold it vertically, without tilting it
    • Wait until the liquid column stops rising

  8. 8.What liquid does the chapter say a laboratory thermometer generally holds?

    • a) Alcohol coloured red, or mercury
    • b) Water coloured blue
    • c) Air on its own
    • d) Oil coloured green

Temperature and its measurement · Year 7 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 7 Science · 7 of 10

States of water and the water cycle

Tell the three states of water apart by how they behave, name the changes between them, and follow water round the water cycle.

Before you start

The stages water passes through on its way from the ocean and back again.

1234
  1. 1. Evaporation
  2. 2. Condensation
  3. 3. Rain
  4. 4. The ocean

Water rises from the ocean as vapour, cools high up into cloud droplets, falls back as rain and flows to the ocean again. There is no first stage — water has been going round this loop far longer than anyone has been watching it.

  1. 1.The same amount of water is left in a narrow bottle cap and spread across a wide plate, side by side. Which evaporates faster, and why?

    • a) The plate, because water on a plate is warmer
    • b) They finish together, because the amount of water is the same
    • c) The plate, because more of its water is exposed to the air
    • d) The bottle cap, because its water is deeper

  2. 2.The water cycle turns round and round with no true beginning, so start it from evaporation and put the stages in order from there.

    • Flowing back to the ocean
    • Rain
    • Evaporation
    • Condensation

  3. 3.An ice cube left on a table turns into water. What is this change called?

    • a) Freezing
    • b) Evaporation
    • c) Melting
    • d) Condensation

  4. 4.How does the chapter say a cloud is formed?

    • a) Cold air sinks and squeezes water out of the ground
    • b) Water is lifted from the sea as whole drops by the wind
    • c) Rising air cools, and its water vapour turns into droplets around dust particles
    • d) Smoke from the ground gathers and turns white

  5. 5.A block of ice is heated, and the heating is kept up. Put the three states in the order the water passes through them.

    • Ice
    • Water
    • Water vapour

  6. 6.Dew forms on plants overnight, and drops gather under the lid of a boiling pan. What is the name of the change turning water vapour back into liquid?

  7. 7.Water is put into a freezer and turns into ice. What is this change called?

    • a) Freezing
    • b) Evaporation
    • c) Melting
    • d) Condensation

  8. 8.Cloud droplets are light enough to float. What has to happen before they fall as rain?

    • a) The droplets freeze solid and drop as ice
    • b) Many droplets join into drops heavy enough to fall
    • c) The wind pushes the droplets downwards
    • d) The cloud runs out of dust particles to sit on

States of water and the water cycle · Year 7 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 7 Science · 8 of 10

Measuring length

Say why standard units are needed, convert between kilometre, metre, centimetre and millimetre, and read a scale the right way.

Before you start

Slide along this 15-centimetre scale. Between each pair of big marks there is 1 cm, and each of those is cut into 10 parts of 1 mm.

0123456789101112131415

The smallest length this scale can measure is 1 mm, which is one-tenth of one of these steps.

  1. 1.A length is written down as "25 cm". The chapter says a length is written in two parts. What are they?

    • a) A measurement and an estimate
    • b) A number and a symbol
    • c) A reading and a reference point
    • d) A number and a unit

  2. 2.A 15-cm scale is drawn out below. Which mark sits at 7 cm?

    Mark the line with an X.

    0123456789101112131415

  3. 3.You want to measure the girth of a tree trunk. Which is the right instrument?

    • a) A flexible measuring tape
    • b) A pair of dividers
    • c) A rigid metre scale
    • d) A 15-cm plastic scale

  4. 4.Which of these is written correctly, following the chapter's rule for unit symbols?

    • a) 15 cms
    • b) 15 cm.
    • c) 15 cm
    • d) 15 Cm

  5. 5.A road is 7 km long. How many metres is that? Answer with a number.

  6. 6.Sort each unit by whether it is a standard unit or one taken from the body.

    Groups: Standard unit · Unit taken from the body

    • Handspan
    • Metre
    • Angula
    • Kilometre
    • Centimetre

  7. 7.A stick is laid against a broken scale. One end reads 3.0 cm and the other reads 14.0 cm. How long is the stick, in centimetres?

    • a) 17.0
    • b) 11.0
    • c) 14.0
    • d) 3.0

  8. 8.Where should your eye be when you read a length off a scale?

    • a) Well off to the right of the point
    • b) As far back from the scale as you can get
    • c) Directly above the point being read
    • d) Well off to the left of the point

Measuring length · Year 7 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 7 Science · 9 of 10

Motion and reference points

Use a reference point to decide whether something is moving, and tell linear, circular and oscillatory motion apart.

Before you start

Each thing in this park shows one of the three kinds of motion.

123
  1. 1. Swing — oscillatory
  2. 2. Merry-go-round — circular
  3. 3. Slide — linear

The swing and the merry-go-round both come back to where they started, again and again. That is what makes them periodic.

  1. 1.A heavy box is pushed straight across a floor. Which kind of motion is that?

    • a) Linear motion
    • b) Oscillatory motion
    • c) Periodic motion
    • d) Circular motion

  2. 2.When is an object said to be in motion?

    • a) When it is heavier than the reference point
    • b) When it is not touching the ground
    • c) When it is making a noise
    • d) When its position changes with respect to the reference point over time

  3. 3.A metal strip is clamped at one end. You press the free end and release it, and it moves up and down. Which kind of motion is that?

    • a) Circular motion
    • b) Linear motion
    • c) Oscillatory motion
    • d) It does not move

  4. 4.Five friends were asked whether the garden was nearer than the school. They gave different answers and each was right. Why?

    • a) They were using different units of length
    • b) Some of them had been to the garden and some had not
    • c) The garden moves during the day
    • d) Each was measuring from their own house instead of from a shared point

  5. 5.An eraser hangs from a thread. You pull it to one side and let go. What does it do?

    • a) Moves to and fro, in the same way as a swing
    • b) Travels off in a straight line
    • c) Turns in a full circle
    • d) Stays exactly where you released it

  6. 6.Sort each of these by the kind of motion it shows.

    Groups: Linear motion · Circular motion · Oscillatory motion

    • A merry-go-round turning
    • A swing going back and forth
    • A metal strip pressed and released
    • An eraser whirled on a thread
    • A march-past at a parade
    • A dropped eraser falling
    • A pushed box sliding along the floor

  7. 7.An eraser is tied to a thread and whirled round and round. Which kind of motion is that?

    • a) Circular motion
    • b) Oscillatory motion
    • c) It does not move
    • d) Linear motion

  8. 8.Padma reads 'Delhi 70 km' on one kilometre stone and 'Delhi 60 km' on the next. What is the reference point here?

    • a) Delhi
    • b) Padma's grandparents
    • c) The bus
    • d) The kilometre stone

Motion and reference points · Year 7 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Year 7 Science · 10 of 10

Exploring magnets

Sort materials into magnetic and non-magnetic, find the poles of a magnet, and work out what happens when two magnets are brought together.

Before you start

Along a bar magnet, the pull is strongest at some places and weakest at others.

123
  1. 1. North pole
  2. 2. The middle
  3. 3. South pole

Iron filings crowd at the two ends and hardly any stick along the middle. The two ends behave the same way towards filings; what tells them apart is how they behave towards another magnet.

  1. 1.Which of these is a shape the chapter names for a magnet?

    • a) A cone magnet
    • b) A ring magnet
    • c) A spiral magnet
    • d) A cube magnet

  2. 2.A piece of wood is slipped between a bar magnet and a compass needle. What happens to the needle's deflection?

    • a) It doubles, because wood strengthens the magnet
    • b) It stops at once, because wood blocks magnets
    • c) It stays much as it was — the magnet's effect reaches through the wood
    • d) The needle turns to point at the wood instead

  3. 3.Match each term to what it means.

    • Non-magnetic material
    • Magnetic material
    • Magnetic compass
    • drawn towards a magnet
    • points along north-south
    • left alone by a magnet

  4. 4.A magnet is brought near each of these materials. Sort them by whether it draws them towards itself.

    Groups: Magnetic · Non-magnetic

    • Cobalt
    • Plastic
    • Nickel
    • Wood
    • Cardboard
    • Iron
    • Glass

  5. 5.A magnet has two of these, and the chapter calls one of them North and the other South. What is the word for them?

  6. 6.Iron filings are scattered under this bar magnet. Tap the part where the fewest of them would stick.

    Write the number of the part.

    123

  7. 7.Two magnets are brought close, pole to pole. Sort each pairing by what it does.

    Groups: Attract · Repel

    • Two like poles, South facing South
    • Two unlike poles, South facing North
    • Two unlike poles, North facing South
    • Two like poles, North facing North

  8. 8.A magnet hangs from a thread and is free to turn. It settles along a line joining which two directions? Answer with both, joined by a hyphen.

Exploring magnets · Year 7 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Answer keys — Year 7 Science

In the same order as the worksheets.

Living and non-living

  1. 1. a) Plants respond to stimuli, as animals do
  2. 2. 1. Egg 2. Larva 3. Pupa 4. Adult
  3. 3. c) It lives both in water and on land
  4. 4. 1. Eggs 2. Tadpole 3. Froglet 4. Adult frog
  5. 5. stimulus
  6. 6. Pigeon → Living; Plant → Living; Pencil → Non-living; Book → Non-living; Car → Non-living
  7. 7. Stimulus → anything that prompts a living being to respond; Excretion → getting rid of the body's waste; Reproduction → what keeps a kind of living being going
  8. 8. c) Death

The components of food

  1. 1. balanced
  2. 2. 1. Take a small quantity of the food item 2. Place it on a separate dish 3. Put 2 or 3 drops of diluted iodine solution on it 4. Watch the colour of the food item
  3. 3. Starch → blue-black colour with iodine; Fat → oily patch on paper; Protein → violet colour in the test tube
  4. 4. b) Pulses
  5. 5. Peas → Plant source of protein; Beans → Plant source of protein; Milk → Animal source of protein; Paneer → Animal source of protein
  6. 6. b) Body-building foods
  7. 7. c) Carbohydrates and fats
  8. 8.
    • nutrients
    • nutrient

Vitamins and minerals

  1. 1. c) Vitamin C
  2. 2. Vitamin A → Vitamin; Vitamin C → Vitamin; Vitamin D → Vitamin; Calcium → Mineral; Iodine → Mineral; Iron → Mineral
  3. 3. c) Orange and lemon
  4. 4. Vitamin A → loss of vision; Vitamin B1 → beriberi; Vitamin C → scurvy; Vitamin D → rickets; Iodine → goitre; Iron → anaemia
  5. 5. d) Fortification
  6. 6. d) Carrot and milk
  7. 7. c) Iodine
  8. 8. d) They supply vitamins, minerals such as iron and calcium, and dietary fibre

Materials around us

  1. 1. d) Air and moisture have acted on the older surface
  2. 2. Transparent → you can see through it clearly; Translucent → you can see through it, but not clearly; Opaque → you cannot see through it
  3. 3. material
  4. 4. c) Not necessarily — a surface can be made shiny by polishing or coating
  5. 5. Window glass → Transparent; Air → Transparent; Frosted glass → Translucent; Butter paper → Translucent; Wood → Opaque; Cardboard → Opaque
  6. 6. Sugar → Soluble in water; Salt → Soluble in water; Chalk powder → Insoluble in water; Sand → Insoluble in water; Sawdust → Insoluble in water
  7. 7. a) Oxygen gas dissolves in water
  8. 8. 1 — Window glass

Methods of separation

  1. 1. c) Floating at the top, because it is lighter
  2. 2.
    • handpicking
    • hand picking
  3. 3. Handpicking → A solid from another solid; Winnowing → A solid from another solid; Sieving → A solid from another solid; Magnetic separation → A solid from another solid; Filtration → A solid from a liquid; Sedimentation → A solid from a liquid; Evaporation → A solid from a liquid
  4. 4. b) Magnetic separation
  5. 5. c) Evaporation
  6. 6. d) Filtration
  7. 7. Winnowing → blowing air to carry the lighter husk away; Sieving → passing a mixture through a sieve to separate by particle size; Decantation → tilting the vessel to pour the liquid off the settled solid; Magnetic separation → using a magnet to draw the magnetic pieces out; Threshing → beating stalks to free the grains
  8. 8. c) Winnowing

Temperature and its measurement

  1. 1. d) 35 °C and 42 °C
  2. 2. b) Mercury is extremely toxic and hard to deal with if the thermometer breaks
  3. 3. thermometer
  4. 4. d) No — boiling water lies outside its range
  5. 5. Clinical thermometer → measuring human body temperature; Laboratory thermometer → measuring temperatures other than the body's
  6. 6. b) The liquid column starts to fall the moment it is taken out
  7. 7. 1. Dip the thermometer so the bulb is immersed, clear of the bottom and sides 2. Hold it vertically, without tilting it 3. Wait until the liquid column stops rising 4. Read it with your eye level with the top of the column, while it is still immersed
  8. 8. a) Alcohol coloured red, or mercury

States of water and the water cycle

  1. 1. c) The plate, because more of its water is exposed to the air
  2. 2. 1. Evaporation 2. Condensation 3. Rain 4. Flowing back to the ocean
  3. 3. c) Melting
  4. 4. c) Rising air cools, and its water vapour turns into droplets around dust particles
  5. 5. 1. Ice 2. Water 3. Water vapour
  6. 6. condensation
  7. 7. a) Freezing
  8. 8. b) Many droplets join into drops heavy enough to fall

Measuring length

  1. 1. d) A number and a unit
  2. 2. 7
  3. 3. a) A flexible measuring tape
  4. 4. c) 15 cm
  5. 5. 7000
  6. 6. Centimetre → Standard unit; Kilometre → Standard unit; Metre → Standard unit; Handspan → Unit taken from the body; Angula → Unit taken from the body
  7. 7. b) 11.0
  8. 8. c) Directly above the point being read

Motion and reference points

  1. 1. a) Linear motion
  2. 2. d) When its position changes with respect to the reference point over time
  3. 3. c) Oscillatory motion
  4. 4. d) Each was measuring from their own house instead of from a shared point
  5. 5. a) Moves to and fro, in the same way as a swing
  6. 6. A dropped eraser falling → Linear motion; A march-past at a parade → Linear motion; A pushed box sliding along the floor → Linear motion; A merry-go-round turning → Circular motion; An eraser whirled on a thread → Circular motion; A swing going back and forth → Oscillatory motion; A metal strip pressed and released → Oscillatory motion
  7. 7. a) Circular motion
  8. 8. a) Delhi

Exploring magnets

  1. 1. b) A ring magnet
  2. 2. c) It stays much as it was — the magnet's effect reaches through the wood
  3. 3. Non-magnetic material → left alone by a magnet; Magnetic material → drawn towards a magnet; Magnetic compass → points along north-south
  4. 4. Iron → Magnetic; Nickel → Magnetic; Cobalt → Magnetic; Wood → Non-magnetic; Plastic → Non-magnetic; Glass → Non-magnetic; Cardboard → Non-magnetic
  5. 5.
    • poles
    • pole
  6. 6. 2 — The middle
  7. 7. Two like poles, North facing North → Repel; Two like poles, South facing South → Repel; Two unlike poles, North facing South → Attract; Two unlike poles, South facing North → Attract
  8. 8.
    • north-south
    • south-north

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