Term pack
Class 8 English
Name: ________________________
Skills in this pack
- Active and passive voice
- Direct and indirect speech
- Say, tell and other reporting verbs
- Modals of obligation and probability
- Tense in stories and in reports
- Phrases and clauses
- Agreement with a tricky subject
- Asking questions
- Comparison structures
- Commas with clauses
- Quantifiers: how much and how many
- Vocabulary in context
- Words that are easy to confuse
- Reading: why the writer wrote it
- Writing a notice and a message
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Class 8 English · 1 of 15
Active and passive voice
Tell active from passive, and change a sentence from one voice to the other.
1.Complete the passive with the two missing words: The house ____ in 1920. (verb: build)
2.Which sentence is in the passive voice?
- a) The plants are watered by the gardener.
- b) The gardener waters the plants.
- c) The gardener is watering the plants.
- d) The gardener will water the plants.
3.Sort each sentence by its voice.
Groups: Active · Passive
- The meal was cooked by the chef.
- The dog chased the cat.
- The cat was chased by the dog.
- The chef cooked the meal.
- Rita wrote the letter.
- The letter was written by Rita.
4.Which sentence is in the active voice?
- a) The cake has been cut.
- b) The cake is being cut.
- c) Sunil cut the cake.
- d) The cake was eaten.
5.Change to the passive: "The teacher praised the students."
- a) The students were praised by the teacher.
- b) The students are praised by the teacher.
- c) The students have praised the teacher.
- d) The students praised the teacher.
6.Complete the passive with the two missing words: The window ____ by the ball yesterday. (verb: break)
7.Sort each sentence by its voice.
Groups: Active · Passive
- They will announce the results.
- My bag has been stolen.
- The results will be announced.
- Somebody has stolen my bag.
8.Complete the passive with the two missing words: These shirts ____ in Surat every year. (verb: make)
Active and passive voice · Class 8 English · www.arenapublications.com/learn
Class 8 English · 2 of 15
Direct and indirect speech
Turn a spoken statement into reported speech, shifting the tense, the pronoun and the time words.
1.Reported speech normally shifts the verb one step further into the past. Sort each line by whether it follows that rule.
Groups: Correctly reported · Not correctly reported
- He said that he was happy.
- She said that she will come.
- She said that she would come.
- They said that they had won.
- They said that they have won.
- He said that he is happy.
2.Report this: She said, "I will call you tomorrow."
- a) She said she would call me the next day.
- b) She said she would called me the next day.
- c) She said she will call me tomorrow.
- d) She said I would call you tomorrow.
3.In reported speech, "will" usually becomes ____.
4.Which word replaces "here" in reported speech?
- a) this
- b) near
- c) there
- d) where
5.In reported speech, "today" usually becomes ____. Write two words.
6.Report this: "We are leaving now," they said.
- a) They said that they were leaving then.
- b) They said that we were leaving then.
- c) They said that they are leaving now.
- d) They said that they were leaving now.
7.Report this: Ravi said, "I am tired."
- a) Ravi said that he is tired.
- b) Ravi said he am tired.
- c) Ravi said that he was tired.
- d) Ravi said that I was tired.
8.Report this: The guide said, "The bus is late."
- a) The guide said that the bus was late.
- b) The guide said that the bus had been late.
- c) The guide said that the bus will be late.
- d) The guide said that this bus is late.
Direct and indirect speech · Class 8 English · www.arenapublications.com/learn
Class 8 English · 3 of 15
Say, tell and other reporting verbs
Choose the reporting verb that says what the speaker was really doing, and know which of them must name the listener straight afterwards.
1.Sort each sentence by whether it is correct.
Groups: Correct · Not correct
- He explained us the rules.
- He explained the rules to us.
- She told us the news.
- She said us the news.
2.Which sentence reports a suggestion correctly?
- a) He suggested that we leave early.
- b) He suggested us to leave early.
- c) He suggested to us leave early.
- d) He suggested us leaving early.
3.Put the steps of choosing a reporting verb in the right order.
- Then check whether that verb needs the listener straight after it or needs "to" first.
- First, read the spoken words and decide what the speaker was doing — stating, warning, promising or admitting.
- Next, choose the reporting verb that names that exactly.
- Last, make the pronouns and the tense fit the new sentence.
4.Which sentence uses "talk" correctly?
- a) I want to talk to you about the trip.
- b) I want to talk three languages.
- c) I want to talk you.
- d) I want to talk a story.
5.Match each spoken line to the verb that reports best what the speaker was doing.
- "I am sorry — I broke it."
- "Do not go near the edge."
- "I will be there. You have my word."
- "You really should see a doctor."
- "The bus is late because of the rain."
- warned
- explained
- promised
- admitted
- advised
6.Write one word: "The teacher ____ us a story about her own school days."
7.Write "say" or "tell": "Please do not ____ anyone about the surprise."
8.Ravi said, "I did not take it." Which single verb reports what Ravi was doing?
- a) denied
- b) suggested
- c) promised
- d) advised
Say, tell and other reporting verbs · Class 8 English · www.arenapublications.com/learn
Class 8 English · 4 of 15
Modals of obligation and probability
Say how strong an obligation is with must, have to, should and ought to, and say how sure you are with must, might and cannot.
1.The rule is printed on the ticket and there is no way round it. Which sentence fits?
- a) Passengers might carry their tickets.
- b) Passengers must carry their tickets.
- c) Passengers should carry their tickets.
- d) Passengers ought to carry their tickets.
2."Must" has no past form, so a sentence about yesterday needs a different verb. Yesterday I ____ stay back and finish the work.
- a) must have
- b) must
- c) had to
- d) have to
3.Which sentence gives advice in the mildest way?
- a) You cannot see a doctor.
- b) You must see a doctor.
- c) You have to see a doctor.
- d) You ought to see a doctor.
4.Sort each sentence by how sure the speaker is.
Groups: Sure it is true · Not sure either way · Sure it is not true
- He might be waiting at the other gate.
- She could still be on the earlier bus.
- It cannot be six already; the bell has not rung.
- The lights are on, so somebody must be at home.
- That cannot be Ravi — he left for Delhi last week.
- Her bag is here, so she must be inside.
5.The classroom lights are off and the door is locked. Where is the class?
- a) They must be inside.
- b) They should be inside.
- c) They cannot be inside.
- d) They have to be inside.
6.Which sentence says the speaker is certain that something is NOT true?
- a) She might be the new librarian.
- b) She must be the new librarian.
- c) She should be the new librarian.
- d) She cannot be the new librarian.
7.Write the one word that shows the speaker is certain: "Ravi's bag is here but his shoes are gone, so he ____ be outside."
8.Fill the gap so that the sentence means there is no need at all: "There is plenty of time — we ____ leave before six."
Modals of obligation and probability · Class 8 English · www.arenapublications.com/learn
Class 8 English · 5 of 15
Tense in stories and in reports
Choose the tense a piece of writing needs — the past for a story or a report, the present for instructions and general facts, and the past perfect for what happened earlier still.
1.Sort each verb by its tense.
Groups: Simple past · Past perfect
- had walked
- walked
- wrote
- saw
- had seen
- had written
2.Rewrite this as a story would tell it, in the past tense: "She opens the letter." Write the whole sentence.
3.Sort each sentence by whether it belongs in a story about last summer or in a guide to looking after a puppy.
Groups: The story · The guide
- The boat rocked and everybody laughed.
- A puppy sleeps for most of the day.
- Nobody had thought to bring an umbrella.
- Keep a bowl of clean water within its reach.
- We reached the river just before sunset.
- Feed the puppy twice a day.
4.Write one word: A story about events that are over and done with is normally written in the ____ tense.
5.Put the steps of turning a page of notes into a finished story in the right order.
- Then use the past perfect for anything that had happened earlier still.
- Last, read the piece back and check that no verb has slipped into the present.
- First, decide which tense the whole piece needs — a story takes the past.
- Next, put every main event into the simple past.
6.A radio commentator is describing a match as it happens. Which sentence fits?
- a) Sharma will pass the ball to Khan.
- b) Sharma passes the ball to Khan.
- c) Sharma passed the ball to Khan.
- d) Sharma had passed the ball to Khan.
7.Sort each piece of writing by the tense it is normally written in.
Groups: Past tense · Present tense
- A story about a journey you made last year
- A diary entry about what happened at school today
- A fact about how bees make honey
- A recipe for lemon rice
- A description of how a bicycle pump works
- A newspaper report of yesterday's match
8.Which sentence describes how something works, rather than something that happened once?
- a) The pump pushes air down the tube and into the tyre.
- b) The pump was repaired on Tuesday.
- c) The pump filled the tank in ten minutes.
- d) The pump had stopped working by then.
Tense in stories and in reports · Class 8 English · www.arenapublications.com/learn
Class 8 English · 6 of 15
Phrases and clauses
Tell a phrase from a clause, and a main clause from a subordinate one.
1.Put the parts in order to make one correct sentence. More than one order works here.
- because the road was closed
- the bus took
- to the town
- a longer route
2.Sort each clause by whether it could stand alone as a sentence.
Groups: Main clause · Subordinate clause
- although the door creaked
- because it was locked
- birds were singing
- the shop was closed
- she opened the box
- when we arrived
3.Write the one word that begins the subordinate clause in "She smiled because she had won."
4.In "We stayed indoors because it was raining", which part is the main clause?
- a) We stayed indoors
- b) it was raining
- c) stayed indoors because
- d) because it was raining
5.How many clauses are there in "He ran fast, but he missed the bus"?
6.Match each term to its meaning.
- a phrase
- a main clause
- a subordinate clause
- a subject
- a predicate
- the person or thing the clause is about
- what the clause says about its subject
- a group of words with no subject and verb of its own
- a clause that makes complete sense on its own
- a clause that depends on another clause
7.Which sentence contains two clauses?
- a) A basket of fresh fruit on the step.
- b) The boy won because he trained hard.
- c) Running quickly down the hill.
- d) The tall boy in the blue shirt won.
8.In "When the lights went out, we lit a candle", which part is the subordinate clause?
- a) the lights
- b) we lit a candle
- c) When the lights went out
- d) lit a candle
Phrases and clauses · Class 8 English · www.arenapublications.com/learn
Class 8 English · 7 of 15
Agreement with a tricky subject
Make the verb agree with its real subject, even when other words come in between.
1.Which sentence is correct?
- a) The pile of letters was on the desk.
- b) The pile of letters were on the desk.
- c) The pile of letters have been sitting there.
- d) The pile of letters are on the desk.
2.Neither Ravi nor his brothers ____ coming.
- a) has
- b) are
- c) was
- d) is
3.The box of old books ____ on the floor.
- a) is
- b) were
- c) have
- d) are
4.Write "has" or "have": Every one of the players ____ arrived.
5.Write "is" or "are": The keys to the cupboard ____ missing.
6.Sort each subject by the verb form it needs.
Groups: Takes a singular verb · Takes a plural verb
- Many students
- Some of my friends
- Both of the girls
- One of my friends
- Every student
- Each of the girls
7.One of the windows ____ broken.
- a) have
- b) are
- c) were
- d) is
8.Ten years ____ a long time to wait for a reply.
- a) have
- b) are
- c) is
- d) were
Agreement with a tricky subject · Class 8 English · www.arenapublications.com/learn
Class 8 English · 8 of 15
Asking questions
Build a question from a statement — moving the helping verb, adding do, does or did, and spotting the questions that need no helping verb at all.
1.Which is a correctly formed negative question?
- a) Did not you see the notice?
- b) Didn't you see the notice?
- c) Did you not saw the notice?
- d) Not did you see the notice?
2.Match each statement to its yes-or-no question form.
- She is reading.
- She reads every day.
- She read the whole book.
- She has read the whole book.
- She can read Tamil.
- Can she read Tamil?
- Does she read every day?
- Is she reading?
- Did she read the whole book?
- Has she read the whole book?
3.Each statement is about to be turned into a question. Sort it by whether it will need a form of "do" or already has a helping verb to move to the front.
Groups: Will need do, does or did · Already has a helping verb
- You like mangoes.
- She is coming with us.
- They arrived on time.
- You have finished your work.
- He plays the flute.
- We can leave now.
4.Which question is correctly formed?
- a) What time does the film start?
- b) What time do the film start?
- c) What time the film starts?
- d) What time does the film starts?
5.Turn this statement into a question about the time, beginning with "When": "The bus leaves at eight." Write the whole question.
6.Sort each question by whether "who" is the one doing the action or the one it is done to.
Groups: Who is doing it · Who it is done to
- Who did Ravi call?
- Who taught the class?
- Who did the teacher praise?
- Who called Ravi?
7.Put the parts in order to make one correct question. Note the capital letter and the question mark.
- Why
- did the meeting
- late?
- start so
8.Sort each question by the kind of answer it expects.
Groups: Yes or no · More than yes or no
- Did she finish the book?
- Are you coming with us?
- Where are you going?
- Can Ravi swim?
- How well can Ravi swim?
- Why did she stop reading?
Asking questions · Class 8 English · www.arenapublications.com/learn
Class 8 English · 9 of 15
Comparison structures
Compare with as … as, than, twice as … as and the more … the more, and build each of them into a whole sentence.
1.This rope is twice ____ long as that one.
- a) than
- b) so
- c) more
- d) as
2.Which sentence is correct?
- a) The more it rains, greener become the fields.
- b) More it rains, the greener the fields become.
- c) More it rains, greener the fields become.
- d) The more it rains, the greener the fields become.
3.Sort each phrase by whether it weighs two things against each other or picks one out of a whole group.
Groups: Weighs two against each other · Picks one out of many
- the least crowded
- taller than
- by far the busiest
- less crowded than
- as tall as
- the tallest
4.Match each comparison to what it tells you.
- as fast as the bus
- not as fast as the bus
- twice as fast as the bus
- faster and faster
- by far the fastest
- exactly the same speed as the bus
- the quickest of all, and easily so
- slower than the bus
- getting quicker all the time
- two times the speed of the bus
5.Complete with one word: "The bus grew fuller and ____ as we neared the city."
6.Traffic is measured as one mass rather than counted one by one. There is ____ traffic on Sundays than on working days.
- a) fewer
- b) little
- c) lesser
- d) less
7.Complete with the two missing words: "The more you read, ____ ____ you know."
8.Put the parts in order to make one correct sentence. Note the capital letter and the full stop.
- gets.
- the colder
- The longer you wait,
- your food
Comparison structures · Class 8 English · www.arenapublications.com/learn
Class 8 English · 10 of 15
Commas with clauses
Put the comma where a clause needs one — after a clause that comes first, around an extra piece of information, and between two main clauses joined by a joining word.
1.Sort each sentence by whether it needs a comma in it.
Groups: Needs a comma · Needs no comma
- He finished the race because he wanted the medal.
- Because the road was blocked we turned back.
- Although he was tired he finished the race.
- When the rain stopped we went out.
- We went out when the rain stopped.
- We turned back because the road was blocked.
2.In which sentence is a comma doing a job that only a full stop or a joining word can do?
- a) The bell rang, and the children ran out.
- b) The bell rang, the children ran out.
- c) The bell rang before the children ran out.
- d) When the bell rang, the children ran out.
3.Rewrite this with one comma added: "When the gates opened the crowd rushed in." Write the whole sentence.
4.Match each rule to the sentence that follows it.
- A clause that comes before the main clause
- A clause that comes after the main clause
- Two main clauses joined by a joining word
- An extra piece of information dropped into the middle
- The lights went out, but we had a candle.
- Our house, which is very old, has no fan at all.
- We lit a candle when the lights went out.
- When the lights went out, we lit a candle.
5.Put the steps of deciding where a comma goes in the right order.
- Last, put a comma after the subordinate clause only if it came first.
- Then check which of the two comes first in the sentence.
- First, find the clause that could stand alone as a sentence — that is the main clause.
- Next, find the other clause, the one beginning with a word like when, because or although.
6.Which of these is correctly written with no comma at all?
- a) Our school which is very old has a big garden.
- b) It had been raining hard since early morning so the whole family stayed indoors all day.
- c) Because it was raining we stayed indoors.
- d) We stayed indoors because it was raining.
7.Which sentence is punctuated correctly?
- a) If, it rains we will stay indoors.
- b) If it, rains we will stay indoors.
- c) If it rains we will, stay indoors.
- d) If it rains, we will stay indoors.
8.Meera has exactly one brother. Which sentence is punctuated correctly for her?
- a) My, brother who lives in Pune is a doctor.
- b) My brother who lives in Pune, is a doctor.
- c) My brother, who lives in Pune is a doctor.
- d) My brother, who lives in Pune, is a doctor.
Commas with clauses · Class 8 English · www.arenapublications.com/learn
Class 8 English · 11 of 15
Quantifiers: how much and how many
Choose the quantifier that fits the noun and the amount — all, most, some, none, both, several, plenty — and know when it needs "of" after it.
1.Sort each phrase by whether it is written correctly. Remember that "of" needs a word like the, my or these — or a pronoun — straight after it.
Groups: Correct · Not correct
- most of the players
- most of players
- all of them
- several of the books
- several of books
- all them
2.Put these words in order, from the smallest amount to the largest.
- all
- none
- a few
- most
3.Write one word: "Ravi borrowed three books this month and enjoyed ____ three of them."
4.Which sentence is correct?
- a) All of we are ready.
- b) All us are ready.
- c) All of us are ready.
- d) All we are ready.
5.There is more than enough time, so nobody needs to hurry. Which word fills the gap? There is ____ of time.
- a) several
- b) much
- c) plenty
- d) many
6.Visitors can be counted one by one. Which phrase fits? A large ____ of visitors came to the fair.
- a) deal
- b) quantity
- c) number
- d) amount
7.Complete with one word: "There is a great ____ of interest in the new library."
8.Which sentence is correct?
- a) Most students walk to school.
- b) Most of student walk to school.
- c) The most students walk to school.
- d) Most of students walk to school.
Quantifiers: how much and how many · Class 8 English · www.arenapublications.com/learn
Class 8 English · 12 of 15
Vocabulary in context
Work out what an unfamiliar word means from the sentence around it.
1."The instructions were ambiguous, so half the class did the wrong task." What does "ambiguous" mean?
- a) very clear
- b) written down
- c) spoken loudly
- d) open to more than one meaning
2."The room was immaculate — not a speck of dust anywhere." What does "immaculate" mean?
- a) very dark
- b) perfectly clean
- c) newly built
- d) very large
3.Match each word to its meaning.
- reluctant
- abundant
- vivid
- fragile
- weary
- cautious
- easily broken
- careful about danger
- bright and clear
- present in large amounts
- very tired
- unwilling to do something
4."The judge was impartial and favoured neither side." Which single word in that sentence means "fair to both sides"?
5."He spoke in a feeble voice that we could barely hear." What does "feeble" mean?
- a) loud
- b) weak
- c) angry
- d) cheerful
6."The path was so narrow that we had to walk in single file." What does "narrow" mean here?
- a) muddy
- b) not wide
- c) wide
- d) steep
7."After the long march the soldiers were famished, and ate everything on the table." What does "famished" mean?
- a) very quiet
- b) very tired
- c) very angry
- d) very hungry
8."The old man walked slowly, leaning on a stick for support." Which single word in that sentence means "help to stay upright"?
Vocabulary in context · Class 8 English · www.arenapublications.com/learn
Class 8 English · 13 of 15
Words that are easy to confuse
Choose correctly between words that sound alike or look alike — accept and except, affect and effect, advice and advise, its and it's, lose and loose.
1.Put the steps of choosing between two words that look alike in the right order.
- Last, read the finished sentence back to be sure it still makes sense.
- Then check which of the two spellings carries that meaning.
- Next, decide whether the gap needs a naming word or a doing word.
- First, read the whole sentence and work out what the word has to mean there.
2.Write "than" or "then": "First we ate, and ____ we walked home."
3.Write "weather" or "whether": "I do not know ____ the train will be on time."
4.Everyone in the class came ____ Ravi, who was ill at home.
- a) except
- b) exept
- c) expect
- d) accept
5.Which sentence is correct?
- a) It's been raining since morning.
- b) Its been raining since morning.
- c) Its' paw was hurt.
- d) The cat licked it's paw.
6.Match each word to its meaning.
- stationary
- stationery
- principal
- principle
- desert
- dessert
- paper, pens and envelopes
- standing still
- a dry, sandy land
- the head of a school
- a rule you live by
- the sweet course at the end of a meal
7.Sort each sentence by the word that belongs in its gap.
Groups: there · their · they're
- Put the box over ____ by the door.
- Is ____ any milk left?
- I cannot find ____ address anywhere.
- The children left ____ bags on the bus.
- ____ going to be late again.
- ____ waiting outside the gate.
8.Sort each word by whether it names a thing or does an action.
Groups: A noun — a thing · A verb — an action
- effect
- belief
- advise
- believe
- advice
- affect
Words that are easy to confuse · Class 8 English · www.arenapublications.com/learn
Class 8 English · 14 of 15
Reading: why the writer wrote it
Work out why a piece was written and who it was written for, and say what a particular sentence in it is doing.
1.Sort each sentence from the lake piece by what kind of sentence it is. "The lake behind the school has shrunk to half its size in ten years. Every plastic bag thrown into it stays there for a century. On Sunday morning, twenty of us will meet at the east gate with gloves and sacks. Bring a friend. The lake cannot clean itself."
Groups: A statement · An instruction to the reader
- Every plastic bag thrown into it stays there for a century.
- On Sunday morning, twenty of us will meet at the east gate with gloves and sacks.
- Bring a friend.
- The lake behind the school has shrunk to half its size in ten years.
2.Sort each piece of writing by why it was written.
Groups: To tell you how to do something · To make you agree or act · To explain how something works
- An article on how a monsoon forms
- The steps for mending a bicycle chain
- A poster urging people to save water
- A recipe for lemon rice
- A page explaining why the sky looks blue
- A leaflet asking you to give blood
3.In the lake piece — "The lake behind the school has shrunk to half its size in ten years. Every plastic bag thrown into it stays there for a century. On Sunday morning, twenty of us will meet at the east gate with gloves and sacks. Bring a friend. The lake cannot clean itself." — which sentence tells the reader to do something, rather than telling them something?
- a) The lake cannot clean itself.
- b) The lake behind the school has shrunk to half its size in ten years.
- c) Bring a friend.
- d) Every plastic bag thrown into it stays there for a century.
4.The lake piece ends: "The lake cannot clean itself." What is that last sentence doing?
- a) Naming the people who will be there.
- b) Telling the reader what time to arrive.
- c) Reminding the reader why their help is needed.
- d) Describing the colour of the water.
5.The coriander piece tells you to press the seeds down with your palm. Why is that there?
- a) To describe the writer's own hands.
- b) To persuade the reader that coriander tastes good.
- c) To explain why seeds are small.
- d) To tell the reader exactly what to do at that step.
6.Read this. "To grow coriander on a windowsill, fill a shallow tray with loose soil. Scatter the seeds thinly and press them down with your palm. Water the tray until the soil is damp but not wet. Keep the tray where the morning sun reaches it, and cut the leaves when they are the length of your thumb." Why was this written?
- a) To describe a garden the writer once saw.
- b) To warn the reader about damp soil.
- c) To argue that coriander is the best herb to grow.
- d) To tell the reader how to grow coriander.
7.Match each opening line to the kind of writing it begins.
- Dear Sir, I am writing to complain about the state of the road outside our school.
- Take two cups of rice and wash them well.
- It was the coldest morning of the year, and the gate was frozen shut.
- All students are informed that the library will be closed on Friday.
- Nine out of ten dentists say so. Try it today.
- A recipe
- A letter of complaint
- A story
- A notice
- An advertisement
8.Read this. "The lake behind the school has shrunk to half its size in ten years. Every plastic bag thrown into it stays there for a century. On Sunday morning, twenty of us will meet at the east gate with gloves and sacks. Bring a friend. The lake cannot clean itself." Why did the writer write this?
- a) To argue that the school should be moved elsewhere.
- b) To explain how lakes are formed.
- c) To persuade readers to come and help clean the lake.
- d) To describe a lake the writer visited long ago.
Reading: why the writer wrote it · Class 8 English · www.arenapublications.com/learn
Class 8 English · 15 of 15
Writing a notice and a message
Set out a notice and a telephone message in their usual parts, and keep both of them short, factual and impersonal.
Before you start
Every part of a school notice has a job. Take the parts of this one in turn and find out what each is called.
- 1. The name of the school
- 2. The word NOTICE
- 3. The date
- 4. The heading
- 5. The body
- 6. The name and role of the writer
Notice how much of it is about who and when. A notice that does not say who put it up, or when, is one that nobody can safely act on.
1.Match each question a reader might ask to the part of a notice that answers it.
- In a few words, what is this about?
- What exactly must I do, and by when?
- Whom should I go to about it?
- Is this still current, or months old?
- Which school or club put this up?
- The name and role at the bottom
- The date
- The heading
- The name at the top
- The body
2.Sort each line by whether it belongs in a notice or in a friendly letter.
Groups: A notice · A friendly letter
- Dear Meera,
- Interested students may give their names to the class teacher.
- Do write back soon and tell me everything!
- Venue: the school auditorium
- All students going on the museum trip are informed that it has been postponed.
- Yours affectionately,
3.You take a telephone call for your mother while she is out. Which of these must the message include?
- a) Your own postal address.
- b) A closing such as "Yours sincerely".
- c) Who called and what they said.
- d) A paragraph about how your day went.
4.Write one word: A good notice answers four questions — what, when, where — and, naming the people it is for, ____.
5.Which line would you write at the very bottom of a school notice?
- a) Love, Ravi
- b) With best wishes from Ravi
- c) Ravi Menon, Sports Captain
- d) Yours sincerely, Ravi
6.Write one word: A notice is written about its readers rather than to them, so it never uses the word "I". It is written in the ____ person.
7.Sort each line by whether it is written about people or straight to them.
Groups: About them · To them
- Please give me your name before Friday.
- All students are informed that the hall will be locked.
- You must bring your own water bottle.
- Interested candidates may apply at the office.
8.Which opening line suits a school notice?
- a) I am so excited to tell you about the quiz.
- b) All students of Classes 6 to 8 are informed that the inter-house quiz will be held on Friday.
- c) Dear students, how are you all keeping?
- d) Hello everyone, guess what!
Writing a notice and a message · Class 8 English · www.arenapublications.com/learn
Answer keys — Class 8 English
In the same order as the worksheets.
Active and passive voice
- 1. was built
- 2. a) The plants are watered by the gardener.
- 3. The chef cooked the meal. → Active; The meal was cooked by the chef. → Passive; Rita wrote the letter. → Active; The letter was written by Rita. → Passive; The dog chased the cat. → Active; The cat was chased by the dog. → Passive
- 4. c) Sunil cut the cake.
- 5. a) The students were praised by the teacher.
- 6. was broken
- 7. Somebody has stolen my bag. → Active; My bag has been stolen. → Passive; They will announce the results. → Active; The results will be announced. → Passive
- 8. are made
Direct and indirect speech
- 1. He said that he was happy. → Correctly reported; He said that he is happy. → Not correctly reported; She said that she would come. → Correctly reported; She said that she will come. → Not correctly reported; They said that they had won. → Correctly reported; They said that they have won. → Not correctly reported
- 2. a) She said she would call me the next day.
- 3. would
- 4. c) there
- 5. that day
- 6. a) They said that they were leaving then.
- 7. c) Ravi said that he was tired.
- 8. a) The guide said that the bus was late.
Say, tell and other reporting verbs
- 1. He explained the rules to us. → Correct; He explained us the rules. → Not correct; She told us the news. → Correct; She said us the news. → Not correct
- 2. a) He suggested that we leave early.
- 3. 1. First, read the spoken words and decide what the speaker was doing — stating, warning, promising or admitting. 2. Next, choose the reporting verb that names that exactly. 3. Then check whether that verb needs the listener straight after it or needs "to" first. 4. Last, make the pronouns and the tense fit the new sentence.
- 4. a) I want to talk to you about the trip.
- 5. "I am sorry — I broke it." → admitted; "Do not go near the edge." → warned; "I will be there. You have my word." → promised; "You really should see a doctor." → advised; "The bus is late because of the rain." → explained
- 6. told
- 7. tell
- 8. a) denied
Modals of obligation and probability
- 1. b) Passengers must carry their tickets.
- 2. c) had to
- 3. d) You ought to see a doctor.
- 4. Her bag is here, so she must be inside. → Sure it is true; The lights are on, so somebody must be at home. → Sure it is true; He might be waiting at the other gate. → Not sure either way; She could still be on the earlier bus. → Not sure either way; That cannot be Ravi — he left for Delhi last week. → Sure it is not true; It cannot be six already; the bell has not rung. → Sure it is not true
- 5. c) They cannot be inside.
- 6. d) She cannot be the new librarian.
- 7. must
- 8.
- do not have to
- don't have to
- need not
- needn't
- do not need to
- don't need to
Tense in stories and in reports
- 1. walked → Simple past; had walked → Past perfect; saw → Simple past; had seen → Past perfect; wrote → Simple past; had written → Past perfect
- 2. She opened the letter.
- 3. We reached the river just before sunset. → The story; Feed the puppy twice a day. → The guide; The boat rocked and everybody laughed. → The story; Keep a bowl of clean water within its reach. → The guide; Nobody had thought to bring an umbrella. → The story; A puppy sleeps for most of the day. → The guide
- 4. past
- 5. 1. First, decide which tense the whole piece needs — a story takes the past. 2. Next, put every main event into the simple past. 3. Then use the past perfect for anything that had happened earlier still. 4. Last, read the piece back and check that no verb has slipped into the present.
- 6. b) Sharma passes the ball to Khan.
- 7. A story about a journey you made last year → Past tense; A recipe for lemon rice → Present tense; A newspaper report of yesterday's match → Past tense; A description of how a bicycle pump works → Present tense; A diary entry about what happened at school today → Past tense; A fact about how bees make honey → Present tense
- 8. a) The pump pushes air down the tube and into the tyre.
Phrases and clauses
- 1. 1. because the road was closed 2. the bus took 3. a longer route 4. to the townAlso accepted, in full:
- 1. the bus took 2. a longer route 3. to the town 4. because the road was closed
- 2. the shop was closed → Main clause; when we arrived → Subordinate clause; she opened the box → Main clause; because it was locked → Subordinate clause; birds were singing → Main clause; although the door creaked → Subordinate clause
- 3. because
- 4. a) We stayed indoors
- 5. 2
- 6. a phrase → a group of words with no subject and verb of its own; a main clause → a clause that makes complete sense on its own; a subordinate clause → a clause that depends on another clause; a subject → the person or thing the clause is about; a predicate → what the clause says about its subject
- 7. b) The boy won because he trained hard.
- 8. c) When the lights went out
Agreement with a tricky subject
- 1. a) The pile of letters was on the desk.
- 2. b) are
- 3. a) is
- 4. has
- 5. are
- 6. Each of the girls → Takes a singular verb; Both of the girls → Takes a plural verb; Every student → Takes a singular verb; Many students → Takes a plural verb; One of my friends → Takes a singular verb; Some of my friends → Takes a plural verb
- 7. d) is
- 8. c) is
Asking questions
- 1. b) Didn't you see the notice?
- 2. She is reading. → Is she reading?; She reads every day. → Does she read every day?; She read the whole book. → Did she read the whole book?; She has read the whole book. → Has she read the whole book?; She can read Tamil. → Can she read Tamil?
- 3. You like mangoes. → Will need do, does or did; He plays the flute. → Will need do, does or did; They arrived on time. → Will need do, does or did; She is coming with us. → Already has a helping verb; You have finished your work. → Already has a helping verb; We can leave now. → Already has a helping verb
- 4. a) What time does the film start?
- 5. When does the bus leave?
- 6. Who called Ravi? → Who is doing it; Who did Ravi call? → Who it is done to; Who taught the class? → Who is doing it; Who did the teacher praise? → Who it is done to
- 7. 1. Why 2. did the meeting 3. start so 4. late?
- 8. Are you coming with us? → Yes or no; Where are you going? → More than yes or no; Did she finish the book? → Yes or no; Why did she stop reading? → More than yes or no; Can Ravi swim? → Yes or no; How well can Ravi swim? → More than yes or no
Comparison structures
- 1. d) as
- 2. d) The more it rains, the greener the fields become.
- 3. taller than → Weighs two against each other; as tall as → Weighs two against each other; less crowded than → Weighs two against each other; the tallest → Picks one out of many; the least crowded → Picks one out of many; by far the busiest → Picks one out of many
- 4. as fast as the bus → exactly the same speed as the bus; not as fast as the bus → slower than the bus; twice as fast as the bus → two times the speed of the bus; faster and faster → getting quicker all the time; by far the fastest → the quickest of all, and easily so
- 5. fuller
- 6. d) less
- 7. the more
- 8. 1. The longer you wait, 2. the colder 3. your food 4. gets.
Commas with clauses
- 1. When the rain stopped we went out. → Needs a comma; We went out when the rain stopped. → Needs no comma; Although he was tired he finished the race. → Needs a comma; He finished the race because he wanted the medal. → Needs no comma; Because the road was blocked we turned back. → Needs a comma; We turned back because the road was blocked. → Needs no comma
- 2. b) The bell rang, the children ran out.
- 3. When the gates opened, the crowd rushed in.
- 4. A clause that comes before the main clause → When the lights went out, we lit a candle.; A clause that comes after the main clause → We lit a candle when the lights went out.; Two main clauses joined by a joining word → The lights went out, but we had a candle.; An extra piece of information dropped into the middle → Our house, which is very old, has no fan at all.
- 5. 1. First, find the clause that could stand alone as a sentence — that is the main clause. 2. Next, find the other clause, the one beginning with a word like when, because or although. 3. Then check which of the two comes first in the sentence. 4. Last, put a comma after the subordinate clause only if it came first.
- 6. d) We stayed indoors because it was raining.
- 7. d) If it rains, we will stay indoors.
- 8. d) My brother, who lives in Pune, is a doctor.
Quantifiers: how much and how many
- 1. most of the players → Correct; most of players → Not correct; all of them → Correct; all them → Not correct; several of the books → Correct; several of books → Not correct
- 2. 1. none 2. a few 3. most 4. all
- 3. all
- 4. c) All of us are ready.
- 5. c) plenty
- 6. c) number
- 7.
- deal
- amount
- 8. a) Most students walk to school.
Vocabulary in context
- 1. d) open to more than one meaning
- 2. b) perfectly clean
- 3. reluctant → unwilling to do something; abundant → present in large amounts; vivid → bright and clear; fragile → easily broken; weary → very tired; cautious → careful about danger
- 4. impartial
- 5. b) weak
- 6. b) not wide
- 7. d) very hungry
- 8. support
Words that are easy to confuse
- 1. 1. First, read the whole sentence and work out what the word has to mean there. 2. Next, decide whether the gap needs a naming word or a doing word. 3. Then check which of the two spellings carries that meaning. 4. Last, read the finished sentence back to be sure it still makes sense.
- 2. then
- 3. whether
- 4. a) except
- 5. a) It's been raining since morning.
- 6. stationary → standing still; stationery → paper, pens and envelopes; principal → the head of a school; principle → a rule you live by; desert → a dry, sandy land; dessert → the sweet course at the end of a meal
- 7. The children left ____ bags on the bus. → their; Put the box over ____ by the door. → there; ____ waiting outside the gate. → they're; I cannot find ____ address anywhere. → their; Is ____ any milk left? → there; ____ going to be late again. → they're
- 8. effect → A noun — a thing; affect → A verb — an action; advice → A noun — a thing; advise → A verb — an action; belief → A noun — a thing; believe → A verb — an action
Reading: why the writer wrote it
- 1. The lake behind the school has shrunk to half its size in ten years. → A statement; Every plastic bag thrown into it stays there for a century. → A statement; On Sunday morning, twenty of us will meet at the east gate with gloves and sacks. → A statement; Bring a friend. → An instruction to the reader
- 2. A leaflet asking you to give blood → To make you agree or act; The steps for mending a bicycle chain → To tell you how to do something; An article on how a monsoon forms → To explain how something works; A recipe for lemon rice → To tell you how to do something; A poster urging people to save water → To make you agree or act; A page explaining why the sky looks blue → To explain how something works
- 3. c) Bring a friend.
- 4. c) Reminding the reader why their help is needed.
- 5. d) To tell the reader exactly what to do at that step.
- 6. d) To tell the reader how to grow coriander.
- 7. Dear Sir, I am writing to complain about the state of the road outside our school. → A letter of complaint; Take two cups of rice and wash them well. → A recipe; It was the coldest morning of the year, and the gate was frozen shut. → A story; All students are informed that the library will be closed on Friday. → A notice; Nine out of ten dentists say so. Try it today. → An advertisement
- 8. c) To persuade readers to come and help clean the lake.
Writing a notice and a message
- 1. In a few words, what is this about? → The heading; What exactly must I do, and by when? → The body; Whom should I go to about it? → The name and role at the bottom; Is this still current, or months old? → The date; Which school or club put this up? → The name at the top
- 2. All students going on the museum trip are informed that it has been postponed. → A notice; Dear Meera, → A friendly letter; Venue: the school auditorium → A notice; Do write back soon and tell me everything! → A friendly letter; Interested students may give their names to the class teacher. → A notice; Yours affectionately, → A friendly letter
- 3. c) Who called and what they said.
- 4. who
- 5. c) Ravi Menon, Sports Captain
- 6. third
- 7. All students are informed that the hall will be locked. → About them; You must bring your own water bottle. → To them; Interested candidates may apply at the office. → About them; Please give me your name before Friday. → To them
- 8. b) All students of Classes 6 to 8 are informed that the inter-house quiz will be held on Friday.
Class 8 English · www.arenapublications.com/learn