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Grade 10 Math — Introduction to trigonometry

Find sine, cosine and tangent in a right-angled triangle and recall the standard angles.

Name: ________________________

Before you start

One angle of this right-angled triangle has been marked. Find out what that angle and each of the three sides are called.

1234
  1. 1. Opposite
  2. 2. Adjacent
  3. 3. Hypotenuse
  4. 4. The marked angle

Mark the other corner instead and opposite and adjacent swap over. The hypotenuse never moves, because it is fixed by the right angle rather than by the angle you chose.

  1. 1.Sort each ratio by its value.

    Groups: Equals 0 · Equals 1

    • sin 0°
    • cos 90°
    • tan 0°
    • sin 90°
    • cos 0°
    • tan 45°

  2. 2.What is sin 90°?

  3. 3.Match each trigonometric ratio to its value.

    • sin 30°
    • cos 30°
    • tan 45°
    • sin 0°
    • tan 60°
    • √3/2
    • 1/2
    • 0
    • √3
    • 1

  4. 4.What is tan 45°?

  5. 5.In a right-angled triangle the side next to an angle is 4 inches and the hypotenuse is 5 inches. What is the cosine of that angle? Give your answer as a fraction.

  6. 6.What is sin 60°?

    • a) 1/2
    • b) √3/2
    • c) √3
    • d) 1/√3

  7. 7.What is sin 30°? Give your answer as a fraction.

  8. 8.What is tan 30°?

    • a) 1/2
    • b) √3/2
    • c) 1/√3
    • d) √3

Answer key — Grade 10 Math — Introduction to trigonometry

  1. 1. sin 0° → Equals 0; cos 90° → Equals 0; tan 0° → Equals 0; cos 0° → Equals 1; sin 90° → Equals 1; tan 45° → Equals 1
  2. 2. 1
  3. 3. sin 30° → 1/2; cos 30° → √3/2; tan 45° → 1; sin 0° → 0; tan 60° → √3
  4. 4. 1
  5. 5. 4/5
  6. 6. b) √3/2
  7. 7. 1/2
  8. 8. c) 1/√3