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Grade 10 Science — Life processes

Trace food through the human gut and blood round the double circulation, say where each digestive juice acts, and explain how a plant moves water up and sugar down.

Name: ________________________

  1. 1.Each kidney holds a great many filtration units, each one a cluster of thin-walled capillaries with a cup-shaped capsule collecting the filtrate. What is such a unit called? Answer with one word.

  2. 2.What are the villi of the small intestine for?

    • a) They push the food along by contracting
    • b) They secrete hydrochloric acid
    • c) They grind the food into smaller pieces
    • d) They increase the surface available for absorbing digested food

  3. 3.Blood goes round and round, so pick a place to begin: starting from "The right atrium", put the stages of one full circuit in order.

    • The left ventricle
    • The left atrium
    • The lungs
    • The rest of the body
    • The right ventricle
    • The right atrium

  4. 4.Put the parts of the alimentary canal in the order food passes through them, starting with "Mouth".

    • Small intestine
    • Stomach
    • Large intestine
    • Oesophagus
    • Anus
    • Mouth

  5. 5.Which pair of statements matches the two conducting tissues of a plant?

    • a) Xylem carries water and sugar; phloem carries minerals
    • b) Xylem carries water and minerals up; phloem carries the products of photosynthesis both ways
    • c) Xylem carries sugar down; phloem carries water up
    • d) Both carry water, xylem by day and phloem by night

  6. 6.Match each stage in the break-down of glucose to what it produces.

    • The first step, taken in the cytoplasm
    • Fermentation in yeast
    • Break-down of pyruvate in the mitochondria
    • A muscle cell short of oxygen
    • Lactic acid
    • Carbon dioxide and water
    • Pyruvate
    • Ethanol and carbon dioxide

  7. 7.Sort each of these by where along the gut it does its work.

    Groups: Mouth · Stomach · Small intestine

    • Trypsin
    • Bile juice
    • Hydrochloric acid
    • Lipase
    • Salivary amylase
    • Pepsin

  8. 8.Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried round the body in different ways. Which description is right?

    • a) Oxygen is dissolved in the plasma; carbon dioxide is carried by haemoglobin
    • b) Both are carried by haemoglobin in the red corpuscles
    • c) Both are mostly dissolved in the plasma
    • d) Oxygen is carried by haemoglobin in the red corpuscles; carbon dioxide is mostly dissolved in the plasma

Answer key — Grade 10 Science — Life processes

  1. 1. nephron
  2. 2. d) They increase the surface available for absorbing digested food
  3. 3. 1. The right atrium 2. The right ventricle 3. The lungs 4. The left atrium 5. The left ventricle 6. The rest of the body
  4. 4. 1. Mouth 2. Oesophagus 3. Stomach 4. Small intestine 5. Large intestine 6. Anus
  5. 5. b) Xylem carries water and minerals up; phloem carries the products of photosynthesis both ways
  6. 6. The first step, taken in the cytoplasm → Pyruvate; Fermentation in yeast → Ethanol and carbon dioxide; Break-down of pyruvate in the mitochondria → Carbon dioxide and water; A muscle cell short of oxygen → Lactic acid
  7. 7. Salivary amylase → Mouth; Hydrochloric acid → Stomach; Pepsin → Stomach; Bile juice → Small intestine; Trypsin → Small intestine; Lipase → Small intestine
  8. 8. d) Oxygen is carried by haemoglobin in the red corpuscles; carbon dioxide is mostly dissolved in the plasma