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Grade 9 Science — The cell and what is inside it

Name the parts of a plant and an animal cell and say what each does, tell a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic one, and use osmosis to explain what happens to a cell in salty water.

Name: ________________________

Before you start

The parts of a cell, each one named.

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  1. 1. The round body with a smaller body inside it — the nucleus
  2. 2. The rod with folded lines inside — a mitochondrion
  3. 3. The large clear space — the vacuole
  4. 4. The stack of folded sheets — the endoplasmic reticulum

The outline round the whole thing is the cell membrane. On a plant cell there would be a stiffer layer of cellulose outside it again, and green ovals of chloroplast among the organelles.

  1. 1.A Rhoeo leaf peel is mounted in a strong sugar solution. Its cells lose water, yet the outline of each cell stays the same shape. What accounts for that?

    • a) The chloroplasts stiffen and hold the cell out
    • b) The vacuole refills from the sugar solution as fast as water leaves
    • c) Plant cells cannot lose water through their membranes
    • d) The rigid cell wall holds the outer shape while the membrane pulls inwards

  2. 2.Match each organelle to the job it does in the cell.

    • Ribosome
    • Golgi apparatus
    • Lysosome
    • Mitochondrion
    • Chloroplast
    • Releasing the energy a cell runs on
    • Making food using sunlight
    • Packing materials into vesicles for transport
    • Where proteins are made
    • Breaking down waste and worn-out parts

  3. 3.Sort each feature by the kind of cell it belongs to.

    Groups: Prokaryotic cell · Eukaryotic cell

    • Membrane-bound nucleus
    • Genetic material in a bare nucleoid
    • Membrane-bound organelles
    • A typical width of 1 to 10 micrometres
    • A typical width of 10 to 100 micrometres

  4. 4.What is the one-word name for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

  5. 5.Which statement is part of the classical cell theory?

    • a) New cells can form from non-living matter under the right conditions
    • b) Cells are found in animals but not in plants
    • c) New cells arise from cells that already exist
    • d) The tissue, not the cell, is the basic unit of function

  6. 6.Put the journey of a protein that is going to be secreted into order, starting from A ribosome on the rough endoplasmic reticulum makes the protein.

    • The Golgi apparatus packs it into a vesicle
    • The Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts it
    • A ribosome on the rough endoplasmic reticulum makes the protein
    • The vesicle carries it out to the cell membrane
    • The rough endoplasmic reticulum passes it on

  7. 7.What is a plant cell wall built mainly from?

    • a) Cellulose
    • b) Lipid
    • c) Protein
    • d) Starch

  8. 8.Who examined a thin slice of cork in 1665 and gave the little compartments he saw the name we still use? Give the surname.

Answer key — Grade 9 Science — The cell and what is inside it

  1. 1. d) The rigid cell wall holds the outer shape while the membrane pulls inwards
  2. 2. Ribosome → Where proteins are made; Golgi apparatus → Packing materials into vesicles for transport; Lysosome → Breaking down waste and worn-out parts; Mitochondrion → Releasing the energy a cell runs on; Chloroplast → Making food using sunlight
  3. 3. Genetic material in a bare nucleoid → Prokaryotic cell; A typical width of 1 to 10 micrometres → Prokaryotic cell; Membrane-bound organelles → Eukaryotic cell; Membrane-bound nucleus → Eukaryotic cell; A typical width of 10 to 100 micrometres → Eukaryotic cell
  4. 4. osmosis
  5. 5. c) New cells arise from cells that already exist
  6. 6. 1. A ribosome on the rough endoplasmic reticulum makes the protein 2. The rough endoplasmic reticulum passes it on 3. The Golgi apparatus modifies and sorts it 4. The Golgi apparatus packs it into a vesicle 5. The vesicle carries it out to the cell membrane
  7. 7. a) Cellulose
  8. 8. Hooke