Grade 10 Science

Read a field-line diagram for direction and strength, pick the right-hand thumb rule or Fleming's left-hand rule for the job, and explain what the earth wire and the fuse are doing in a house circuit.

Use Ohm's law and the series and parallel rules to find a resistance or a current, work out electric power and energy, and say why a heater's element is an alloy and a fuse is a weak link.

Balance a skeletal equation by counting atoms, name the five kinds of reaction the chapter sets out, and say which substance has been oxidised and which reduced.

Rank metals by the activity series, work out the ion a metal or non-metal forms from its electron shells, and say how each band of the series is won from its ore and kept from corroding.

Explain why carbon shares electrons rather than trading them, tell a saturated compound from an unsaturated one, work along a homologous series, and name what soap does to oily dirt.

Name the parts of the eye and what each does, tell myopia from hypermetropia and pick the lens that corrects each, and explain dispersion, twinkling and the blue of the sky by refraction and scattering.

Trace food through the human gut and blood round the double circulation, say where each digestive juice acts, and explain how a plant moves water up and sugar down.

Follow an impulse along a neuron and round a reflex arc, name what each region of the brain looks after, and tell a plant's tropic growth from an animal's hormone response.

Work out the ratios of a Mendelian cross, tell a dominant trait from a recessive one, and explain how chromosomes let two traits be inherited independently and how they settle a child's sex.

Tell the asexual modes apart by the organism that uses each, follow pollen from stigma to seed and an egg from ovary to implantation, and say why variation is worth the cost of two parents.