Term pack

Grade 10 Science

Name: ________________________

Skills in this pack

Magnetic effects of electric current
Electricity
Chemical reactions and equations
Metals, non-metals and the reactivity series
Carbon and its compounds
The human eye and the colorful world
Life processes
Control and coordination
Heredity
How organisms reproduce

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Grade 10 Science · 1 of 10

Magnetic effects of electric current

Read a field-line diagram for direction and strength, pick the right-hand thumb rule or Fleming's left-hand rule for the job, and explain what the earth wire and the fuse are doing in a house circuit.

1.Why are the appliances in a house wired in parallel with one another?
- a) So that the total resistance rises with each appliance added
- b) So that each carries the same current
- c) So that switching one off switches them off
- d) So that each has the same potential difference across it
2.Field lines round a bar magnet are drawn below. Tap the part of the picture where the field is strongest.
Write the number of the part.
3.What is short-circuiting?
- a) The live wire and the neutral wire coming into direct contact
- b) Too many appliances plugged into one socket
- c) The earth wire breaking away from its plate
- d) A drop in the supply voltage
4.A single circular turn of wire makes a field of a certain strength at the center of the loop. A coil of 12 such turns carries the same current. How many times that strength is the field at the center now? Answer with a number.
5.Sort each job by the rule that does it.
Groups: Right-hand thumb rule · Fleming's left-hand rule
- Turning a corkscrew along the current to find the field
- Finding which way a current-carrying rod is pushed in a field
- Finding which way a moving electron is pushed in a field
- Finding which way the field lines wrap round a straight wire
6.Outside a bar magnet, which way do the field lines run?
- a) From the middle of the magnet outwards at both ends
- b) Into both poles from the surrounding space
- c) Out of the north pole and into the south pole
- d) Out of the south pole and into the north pole
7.A coil of many circular turns of insulated copper wire, wound closely in the shape of a cylinder, has a name of its own. What is it? Answer with one word.
8.A piece of soft iron is put inside a solenoid and the current is switched on. What has been made?
- a) A fuse
- b) An electric generator
- c) A rheostat
- d) An electromagnet

Magnetic effects of electric current · Grade 10 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Grade 10 Science · 2 of 10

Electricity

Use Ohm's law and the series and parallel rules to find a resistance or a current, work out electric power and energy, and say why a heater's element is an alloy and a fuse is a weak link.

1.Sort each material by what the chapter says it is used for.
Groups: Filaments of electric bulbs · Electrical transmission lines · Heating devices such as an electric iron
- Tungsten
- Aluminum
- An alloy such as constantan
- Copper
2.Resistors of 5 Ω, 8 Ω and 12 Ω are joined in series. What is the equivalent resistance, in ohms? Answer with a number.
3.Which statement is Ohm's law as the chapter states it?
- a) The resistance of a metallic wire is proportional to the current through it
- b) The potential difference across a metallic wire is proportional to the current through it, at constant temperature
- c) The current through a metallic wire is proportional to its resistance
- d) The potential difference across a metallic wire is proportional to its length
4.Why can an electric bulb and an electric heater not sensibly be wired in series?
- a) A series circuit cannot carry enough voltage for two devices
- b) The bulb would take the whole of the current and leave none for the heater
- c) The current is the same throughout a series circuit, and the two need very different currents
- d) The heater would short out the bulb
5.A 2000 W heater is run for 3 hours. How much electrical energy does it use, in kilowatt hours? Answer with a number.
6.A device draws 0.25 A at a potential difference of 220 V. What is its power, in watts? Answer with a number.
7.A wire is replaced by another of the same material and thickness but twice the length. What happens to its resistance?
- a) It stays the same
- b) It falls to a quarter
- c) It halves
- d) It doubles
8.A potential difference of 6 V across a resistor drives a current of 0.5 A through it. What is its resistance, in ohms? Answer with a number.

Electricity · Grade 10 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Grade 10 Science · 3 of 10

Chemical reactions and equations

Balance a skeletal equation by counting atoms, name the five kinds of reaction the chapter sets out, and say which substance has been oxidised and which reduced.

1.In 2Pb(NO₃)₂ → 2PbO + 4NO₂ + O₂, how many oxygen atoms stand on the right-hand side? Answer with a number.
2.Two clear solutions are mixed and a white solid that will not dissolve appears in the tube. What is that solid called? Answer with one word.
3.Sort each reaction by the kind of reaction it is.
Groups: Combination · Decomposition · Displacement · Double displacement
- Sodium sulfate solution mixed with barium chloride solution
- Carbon burning in oxygen to give carbon dioxide
- Calcium oxide and water make slaked lime
- An iron nail left in copper sulfate solution
- Limestone heated in a kiln
- Ferrous sulfate crystals heated in a boiling tube
4.Put the chapter's balancing procedure back into the order it gives, starting with "Draw a box round each formula, and change nothing inside a box".
- Draw a box round each formula, and change nothing inside a box
- Write in the physical states of the reactants and products
- Start with the compound that has the most atoms, and balance its commonest element
- Balance the elements that are still unequal, one at a time
- List how many atoms of each element sit on the two sides
- Count the atoms on both sides again to check the equation
5.Butter kept too long smells and tastes different, because the fat in it has been oxidised. What is this change called? Answer with one word.
6.Sort each of these by whether energy comes out of the reaction or goes into it.
Groups: Heat given out · Energy taken in
- Quick lime added to water
- Water split by an electric current
- Natural gas burning
- Green crystals heated until they give off a sharp smell
- Silver chloride left in sunlight
- Respiration in our cells
7.Sodium reacts with water: __ Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂. Which coefficient belongs in the gap?
- a) 3
- b) 1
- c) 4
- d) 2
8.Iron nails are left in blue copper sulfate solution for twenty minutes. What do you see when they come out?
- a) The nails have turned brownish and the blue has faded
- b) The nails are unchanged and the blue is deeper
- c) The nails have turned black and the solution is clear
- d) The nails have dissolved and the solution is green

Chemical reactions and equations · Grade 10 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Grade 10 Science · 4 of 10

Metals, non-metals and the reactivity series

Rank metals by the activity series, work out the ion a metal or non-metal forms from its electron shells, and say how each band of the series is won from its ore and kept from corroding.

1.Galvanised iron sheets are coated with a thin layer of which metal?
- a) Aluminum
- b) Tin
- c) Zinc
- d) Chromium
2.Sodium is stored in a jar of kerosene oil rather than on a shelf. Why?
- a) Kerosene makes it easier to cut
- b) It loses its shine and stops conducting
- c) It dissolves in the damp air of a laboratory
- d) It reacts with oxygen so vigorously that it would catch fire in the open
3.Sort each metal by how the chapter says it is won from the earth.
Groups: Found in the native state · Reduction using carbon · Electrolysis of the molten compound
- Iron
- Silver
- Aluminum
- Zinc
- Sodium
- Gold
4.A cell for refining copper is drawn below, with the two plates hanging in the solution and the battery marked. Tap the plate the pure copper builds up on.
Write the number of the part.
5.Sort each of these elements as the chapter classifies it.
Groups: Metal · Non-metal
- Iodine
- Mercury
- Sulfur
- Sodium
- Graphite
- Bromine
6.Iron nails are sealed into three tubes: A with ordinary water and air, B with boiled water under a film of oil, C with dry air over anhydrous calcium chloride. Which nails rust?
- a) The nails in C
- b) The nails in A
- c) The nails in B and C
- d) The nails in B
7.Which pair of statements about ionic compounds matches what the chapter reports?
- a) They melt at high temperatures and dissolve in water rather than in kerosene
- b) They melt at low temperatures and dissolve in water rather than in kerosene
- c) They melt at low temperatures and dissolve in kerosene rather than in water
- d) They melt at high temperatures and dissolve in kerosene rather than in water
8.Put these metals in the activity series' own order, from the most reactive down, starting with "Potassium".
- Potassium
- Calcium
- Zinc
- Gold
- Magnesium
- Copper
- Iron

Metals, non-metals and the reactivity series · Grade 10 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Grade 10 Science · 5 of 10

Carbon and its compounds

Explain why carbon shares electrons rather than trading them, tell a saturated compound from an unsaturated one, work along a homologous series, and name what soap does to oily dirt.

1.Put the saturated chains in order of how many carbon atoms they hold, fewest first, beginning with "Methane".
- Propane
- Butane
- Hexane
- Ethane
- Pentane
- Methane
2.Ethanoic acid is warmed with ethanol and a little concentrated sulfuric acid, and the mixture ends up smelling sweet. What is the sweet-smelling product called? Answer with one word.
3.Vegetable oil is hydrogenated with a nickel catalyst. What does the nickel do?
- a) It removes the double bonds by dissolving them
- b) It makes the reaction go without being changed itself
- c) It joins the oil molecule in place of a hydrogen
- d) It is used up as one of the reactants
4.Diamond and graphite are both pure carbon, yet one is the hardest substance known and the other is slippery and conducts electricity. What accounts for the difference?
- a) Graphite's atoms are lighter than diamond's
- b) The way the carbon atoms are bonded to one another
- c) Diamond is a compound and graphite an element
- d) Diamond holds a small amount of a second element
5.Sort each compound by whether it carries a double or triple bond between carbon atoms.
Groups: Saturated · Unsaturated
- Ethene
- Propene
- Ethyne
- Methane
- Cyclohexane
- Ethane
6.How many different carbon skeletons can be drawn for the formula C₄H₁₀?
- a) Three
- b) One
- c) Four
- d) Two
7.Why do detergents go on working in hard water where soap does not?
- a) Their charged ends do not form insoluble precipitates with calcium and magnesium ions
- b) They dissolve the calcium and magnesium salts completely
- c) They soften the water before they clean
- d) They are made without a hydrocarbon chain
8.A gas stove burns with a yellow flame and blackens the bottom of the pan. What has gone wrong?
- a) The air holes are blocked, so the fuel is burning incompletely
- b) The gas is being fed in too slowly
- c) The pan is too close to the flame
- d) The fuel is unsaturated and cannot burn cleanly

Carbon and its compounds · Grade 10 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Grade 10 Science · 6 of 10

The human eye and the colorful world

Name the parts of the eye and what each does, tell myopia from hypermetropia and pick the lens that corrects each, and explain dispersion, twinkling and the blue of the sky by refraction and scattering.

1.You look up from a book to the far end of the street. What have the ciliary muscles just done?
- a) Contracted, making the lens thicker so its focal length decreases
- b) Contracted, letting the lens thin out so its focal length increases
- c) Relaxed, letting the lens thin out so its focal length increases
- d) Relaxed, making the lens thicker so its focal length decreases
2.Why are danger signal lights red?
- a) Red is scattered least by fog or smoke, so it carries its color a long way
- b) Red light travels faster through fog
- c) Red is scattered most, so it spreads out further
- d) Red is the color the eye is most sensitive to at night
3.For a young adult with normal vision, what are the near point and the far point?
- a) About 2 m, and infinity
- b) About 25 cm, and a few meters
- c) About 25 cm, and infinity
- d) Zero, and infinity
4.Someone needs both distant and near vision corrected and is given bi-focal lenses. What is in the upper portion?
- a) A concave lens, for distant vision
- b) A concave lens, for near vision
- c) A convex lens, for near vision
- d) A convex lens, for distant vision
5.Why does the sky look dark to a passenger flying very high up?
- a) The air is colder and refracts less
- b) There is too little scattering at that height
- c) The window glass absorbs the blue light
- d) The Sun is closer and outshines the sky
6.Why is a clear sky blue?
- a) The sea reflects its color up into the sky
- b) Fine particles and air molecules scatter short blue wavelengths more strongly than long red ones
- c) Blue light travels faster through air than red light does
- d) The atmosphere is made of a blue gas
7.Atmospheric refraction makes the Sun visible about 2 minutes before it actually rises, and keeps it visible about 2 minutes after it actually sets. How many extra minutes of sunlight is that in a day? Answer with a number.
8.Sort each description by the defect of vision it belongs to.
Groups: Myopia · Hypermetropia
- The near point is farther away than it should be
- Cannot see distant objects distinctly
- Cannot see nearby objects distinctly
- The image of a distant object forms in front of the retina
- Light from a close object is focussed behind the retina
- The far point is nearer than infinity

The human eye and the colorful world · Grade 10 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Grade 10 Science · 7 of 10

Life processes

Trace food through the human gut and blood round the double circulation, say where each digestive juice acts, and explain how a plant moves water up and sugar down.

1.Each kidney holds a great many filtration units, each one a cluster of thin-walled capillaries with a cup-shaped capsule collecting the filtrate. What is such a unit called? Answer with one word.
2.What are the villi of the small intestine for?
- a) They push the food along by contracting
- b) They secrete hydrochloric acid
- c) They grind the food into smaller pieces
- d) They increase the surface available for absorbing digested food
3.Blood goes round and round, so pick a place to begin: starting from "The right atrium", put the stages of one full circuit in order.
- The left ventricle
- The left atrium
- The lungs
- The rest of the body
- The right ventricle
- The right atrium
4.Put the parts of the alimentary canal in the order food passes through them, starting with "Mouth".
- Small intestine
- Stomach
- Large intestine
- Oesophagus
- Anus
- Mouth
5.Which pair of statements matches the two conducting tissues of a plant?
- a) Xylem carries water and sugar; phloem carries minerals
- b) Xylem carries water and minerals up; phloem carries the products of photosynthesis both ways
- c) Xylem carries sugar down; phloem carries water up
- d) Both carry water, xylem by day and phloem by night
6.Match each stage in the break-down of glucose to what it produces.
- The first step, taken in the cytoplasm
- Fermentation in yeast
- Break-down of pyruvate in the mitochondria
- A muscle cell short of oxygen
- Lactic acid
- Carbon dioxide and water
- Pyruvate
- Ethanol and carbon dioxide
7.Sort each of these by where along the gut it does its work.
Groups: Mouth · Stomach · Small intestine
- Trypsin
- Bile juice
- Hydrochloric acid
- Lipase
- Salivary amylase
- Pepsin
8.Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried round the body in different ways. Which description is right?
- a) Oxygen is dissolved in the plasma; carbon dioxide is carried by haemoglobin
- b) Both are carried by haemoglobin in the red corpuscles
- c) Both are mostly dissolved in the plasma
- d) Oxygen is carried by haemoglobin in the red corpuscles; carbon dioxide is mostly dissolved in the plasma

Life processes · Grade 10 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Grade 10 Science · 8 of 10

Control and coordination

Follow an impulse along a neuron and round a reflex arc, name what each region of the brain looks after, and tell a plant's tropic growth from an animal's hormone response.

1.Adrenaline is released when an animal is frightened. Which set of changes follows?
- a) The heart beats faster, blood is diverted to the skeletal muscles, and breathing quickens
- b) The heart slows, blood goes to the digestive system, and breathing quietens
- c) Breathing quickens and the skeletal muscles are cut off from blood
- d) The heart beats faster and blood is diverted to the skin and gut
2.How does the movement of a touch-me-not leaf differ from a shoot bending towards light?
- a) The leaf moves because it has muscle tissue and the shoot does not
- b) The leaf moves by growing on one side, and the shoot by losing water
- c) Both are growth movements, but the leaf's is faster
- d) The leaf moves by cells gaining or losing water, with no growth involved
3.One neuron is drawn below. Tap the part along which the electrical impulse travels away from the cell body.
Write the number of the part.
4.Match each plant hormone to what it does.
- Auxin
- Gibberellin
- Cytokinin
- Abscisic acid
- Helps the stem grow
- Inhibits growth
- Makes cells grow longer at the shoot tip
- Promotes cell division
5.Sort each job by the part of the brain the chapter gives it to.
Groups: Fore-brain · Cerebellum · Medulla
- Salivation and vomiting
- Thinking about what the senses report
- Riding a bicycle in a straight line
6.A pea plant's tendril meets a stick and curls round it. What makes it curl?
- a) The stick releases a hormone that pulls the tendril round
- b) The side touching the stick grows less rapidly than the side away from it
- c) The tendril's muscles contract on the side touching the stick
- d) The tendril loses water on the side away from the stick
7.Why is iodised salt worth using?
- a) Iodine replaces the salt lost in sweat
- b) The pituitary needs iodine to make growth hormone
- c) The thyroid gland needs iodine to make thyroxin
- d) Iodine is the hormone that regulates blood sugar
8.What happens at the synapse between two neurons?
- a) The electrical impulse jumps the gap unchanged
- b) Chemicals released by the first cross the gap and start an impulse in the second
- c) The two cells fuse so the impulse passes through
- d) The impulse stops, and the second neuron starts a fresh one on its own

Control and coordination · Grade 10 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Grade 10 Science · 9 of 10

Heredity

Work out the ratios of a Mendelian cross, tell a dominant trait from a recessive one, and explain how chromosomes let two traits be inherited independently and how they settle a child's sex.

1.What was new about Mendel's way of working, compared with others who had bred peas before him?
- a) He was the first to grow peas in a monastery garden
- b) He was the first to cross two different pea plants
- c) He used a microscope to look at the germ-cells
- d) He kept count of the individuals showing each trait in each generation
2.Four second-generation pea plants are drawn to scale below. Tap the one that must have inherited two copies of the recessive factor.
Write the number of the part.
3.Crossing a tall pea with a short one gave no plants of medium height. What did that tell Mendel?
- a) One parental trait was showing, rather than a mixture of the two
- b) Height is not an inherited trait in peas
- c) The two plants belonged to different species
- d) The short parent had contributed nothing to the offspring
4.Mendel counted 315 round yellow, 108 round green, 101 wrinkled yellow and 32 wrinkled green seeds. Which proportion is that closest to?
- a) 9 : 6 : 1
- b) 3 : 1 : 1 : 1
- c) 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
- d) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
5.Why can a pea plant be tall with wrinkled seeds when neither of its grandparents was?
- a) The two traits sit on separate chromosomes and are inherited independently
- b) The two traits are controlled by the same gene
- c) New traits appear whenever a plant self-pollinates
- d) Wrinkled seeds turn a short plant tall
6.Sort each of Mendel's pea traits as the chapter classifies it.
Groups: Dominant · Recessive
- Short plants
- Wrinkled seeds
- Round seeds
- Tall plants
7.Snails can change sex during their lives. What does the chapter draw from that?
- a) In snails, sex is not genetically determined
- b) Temperature settles the sex of a snail
- c) Snails inherit sex from the mother alone
- d) Snails have no sex chromosomes
8.Which parent's contribution decides whether a human child is a boy or a girl?
- a) The father's, because the mother contributes an X either way
- b) The mother's, because she carries two X chromosomes
- c) Neither — the temperature of development decides it
- d) Both equally, since each contributes one sex chromosome

Heredity · Grade 10 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Grade 10 Science · 10 of 10

How organisms reproduce

Tell the asexual modes apart by the organism that uses each, follow pollen from stigma to seed and an egg from ovary to implantation, and say why variation is worth the cost of two parents.

1.Sort each organism by the way the chapter says it reproduces.
Groups: Binary fission · Multiple fission · Budding · Fragmentation
- Plasmodium
- Leishmania
- Amoeba
- Yeast
- Spirogyra
- Hydra
2.A population of bacteria lives in temperate water, and the water warms. Most die; a few carrying a heat-resistant variation live and multiply. What does this show?
- a) Variation protects each individual from any change
- b) Asexual reproduction produces identical offspring
- c) Warm water causes bacteria to develop resistance
- d) Variation gives a species a chance of surviving a change in its niche
3.Why does bread mold make spores with thick walls round them?
- a) The wall protects the spore until it meets a moist surface and can grow
- b) The wall makes the spore heavy enough to fall to the ground
- c) The wall stops the spore from dividing too early
- d) The wall holds the food store the new individual grows on
4.Why do germ-cells carry half the chromosomes an ordinary body cell carries?
- a) So that two of them joining restore the usual number rather than doubling it
- b) So that each parent's variations stay separate in the offspring
- c) So that they are small enough to travel
- d) So that they can divide more quickly than body cells
5.Put these stages in order, starting with "One of the ovaries releases an egg".
- The embryo is implanted in the lining of the uterus
- One of the ovaries releases an egg
- A sperm meets the egg in the oviduct
- The egg travels along the oviduct
- The zygote divides into a ball of cells
6.Why do the testes lie in the scrotum, outside the abdominal cavity?
- a) It keeps them away from the urinary bladder
- b) It shortens the path the sperms have to travel
- c) There is no room for them inside the abdomen
- d) Sperm formation needs a temperature lower than the rest of the body's
7.Which of these is a viral infection that can be passed on during the sexual act, according to the chapter?
- a) HIV-AIDS
- b) Syphilis
- c) Goiter
- d) Gonorrhoea
8.If the egg released this month is not fertilized, what happens to the thick lining the uterus has prepared?
- a) It breaks down and leaves through the vagina as blood and mucus
- b) It is absorbed back into the ovaries
- c) It stays in place until the next egg is fertilized
- d) It thickens further and holds the unfertilised egg

How organisms reproduce · Grade 10 Science · www.arenapublications.com/learn

Answer keys — Grade 10 Science

In the same order as the worksheets.